NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO JUDD 39 



years A.D. 828 to 935 and the other 1011 to 1126. The first group 

 is from Old Bonitian structures and the second, from Late Bonitian 

 houses. Together, the 59 are too few in number to have more than 

 a suggestive value but they do suggest periods of constructional 

 activity. 



If 107 years seems too short a period for the building of Old 

 Bonito, with its 8 feet of rubbish piled out in front, it is to be 

 remembered that our bracket is based upon 13 specimens only, all 

 from larger rooms where pine and fir logs were utilized. Among 

 Hyde Expedition beams submitted to him for cross dating with 

 Aztec Ruin, Douglass (1921, p. 30) noted two from Rooms 32 and 

 36 in the north-central part of the old pueblo. Both, unfortunately, 

 remain undated. 



It will be observed also that two or more timbers with the same 

 cutting date were recovered in only four rooms and that three of 

 these (320, 323, 325) are in Old Bonito. (A previously sawed log in 

 Room 228 was sampled twice.) Two pine beams from Old Bonitian 

 Room 323, both felled in A.D. 935, had been propped with posts cut 

 16 years earlier. Reuse seems undeniable. Reuse, even repeated 

 reuse, of constructional wood is a long-established Pueblo practice, 

 as is the stacking of logs against future need. 



In his review of material collected in Hopi villages by the second 

 Beam Expedition, that of 1928, Douglass (1939) remarked that some 

 of the logs represented had been in use for hundreds of years and were 

 noticeably worn in consequence. While this may have been equally 

 true of some of the pinyon and cottonwood logs from smaller rooms 

 of Old Bonito, none of the pine and fir timbers we recovered, large or 

 small, exhibited wear in any appreciable degree. They had been cut, 

 peeled, and used without delay. 



Our 46 dated timbers from Late Bonitian structures represent 

 a very small portion of the total required to roof Pueblo Bonito. 

 That total numbered in the thousands. Over 300 logs, long and 

 short, were utilized in the cribbed ceiling of Kiva L and Kiva L was 

 only one of perhaps 30 Late Bonitian kivas in use contemporane- 

 ously. In addition there were the dwellings and storerooms of a 

 thousand people, more or less. 



The JPB 99 of our list is from a much decayed pine that had stood 

 at the south end of the West Court while Pueblo Bonito was inhabited 

 (pi. 1). Initially Douglass (1935, p. 47) gave this fragment a 

 tentative date of A.D. 1017 ± 35, but in a later review Smiley fixed 

 the outermost surviving ring at 983. One may only guess at the num- 



