NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO — JUDD 9 



theirs, rooms excavated for the National Geographic Society likewise 

 were numbered, beginning with 200, but our kivas were lettered. 

 When we had exhausted the first kiva alphabet we began a second, 

 each letter prefixed by the numeral 2. In both text and tables, room 

 numbers followed by the letters B, C, or D indicate, respectively, the 

 second, third, and fourth stories. 



Of those bearing our numbers, Rooms 210, 227, 295, 299, 300 and 

 Kivas Y and Z were cleared by unknown persons between 1900 and 

 1920. We numbered but did not excavate Rooms 205-208, 297, and 

 301-303 ; Kivas O, P, S, and 2-C were merely tested for pertinent 

 information. It was my personal hope that these 12 and all those left 

 unnumbered might be reserved for examination some years hence. 



Except as noted hereinafter, we made no inquiry in rooms ex- 

 cavated by the Hyde Expeditions, 1-190. During our third season, 

 however, the better to control surface drainage in the older section 

 north of Kiva 16, we removed or leveled quantities of excavation 

 debris left by our predecessors (pi. 5, lower). It was this effort, 

 perhaps, that prompted Hewett (1921, p. 17; 1930, p. 302; 1936, 

 p. 32), to state that I had unknowingly excavated rooms cleared and 

 refilled by the Hyde Expeditions. 



After Pepper's 1920 volume became available we utilized his 

 recorded field notes as fully as possible. But there were additional 

 data that seemed essential to the history of Pueblo Bonito. 



Extramural stratigraphy. — Two conspicuous refuse mounds, the 

 principal village dump, lie immediately south of the great ruin. Refuse 

 heaps normally reflect the cultural changes of any community and 

 potsherds provide a convenient means for measuring such changes 

 in a prehistoric settlement. Since discards at the bottom are naturally 

 older than those above, one of our first undertakings in the spring of 

 1921 was a 5-foot-wide trench through a previously undisturbed 

 section of the West Mound, larger of the two. A stratigraphic 

 column, 3 feet square, at the end of that trench reached clean sand 

 at a depth of 19 feet 5 inches (pi. 6, left). From 23 unequal layers 

 floored by ash, variously colored sand, or otherwise, we collected 2,119 

 potsherds (U.S.N.M. No. 334180). 



That sherd collection disclosed a puzzling mixture of pre-Pueblo 

 and later pottery types, top to bottom. There were 93 fragments of 

 Plain-banded Culinary ware and 778 fragments or 36.7 percent, of 

 Corrugated-coil. Early and late varieties of Black-on-white were 

 present in all 23 layers ; Black-on-red, in more than half. Straight-line 

 Hachure occurred in every stratum except the two lowest, V and W. 



