NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO — JUDD 7 



were revamped and reroofed for occupancy. These same rooms were 

 later utilized by the School of American Research (Hewett, 1921, 

 p. 12), and they were still habitable when we repaired them for 

 laboratory use in 1925 (pi. 4, upper). 



During the summers of 1896-1899 the Hyde Expeditions cleared 

 190 rooms and kivas in Pueblo Bonito, numbered serially as excavated. 

 In lieu of the final report that never was written, Pepper's rough 

 field notes went to press hurriedly in the fall of 1920, some 10 years 

 after he had left the American Museum of Natural History. As 

 published, those notes do scant justice either to Pepper, the Hyde 

 brothers, or to the American Museum, but they are indispensable to 

 full understanding and appreciation of Pueblo Bonito. Since they 

 pertain largely to portions of the ruin we did not explore, I have 

 drawn upon them repeatedly in this study of local architecture. 



As explained in the introduction to the 1920 publication, its ac- 

 companying ground plan was prepared by B.T.B. Hyde from Pep- 

 per's original memoranda and photographs, a preliminary survey 

 made in 1900 or 1901 by Prof. R. E. Dodge, and a 1916 sketch by 

 N. C. Nelson. That such a composite might include several inaccura- 

 cies was anticipated by Mr. Nelson (ibid., p. 387) and those we 

 discovered have been corrected on our own plan (herein, fig. 2) 

 and so reported in text and tables. 



Pepper states (1920, p. 339) that only "minor excavations" were 

 made in Rooms 116-190 because "nothing of special interest" was 

 developed in them. A different explanation was offered by Jack 

 Martin, a one-time Hyde Expedition freighter and my teamster dur- 

 ing the Society's 1920 reconnaissance of the Chaco country : Outside 

 rooms were cleared by Wetherill to or near floor level in anticipation 

 of resumption of Hyde Expedition excavations. But these latter had 

 been brought to an end by Government pressure in 1901, the year a 

 local post office was authorized under the name "Putnam" and the 

 year Hyde Expedition headquarters were moved to Thoreau, on the 

 Santa Fe Railroad. 



It is unfortunate that no data relative to this particular sequence, 

 116-190, were recorded at the time of excavation, for all are of Late 

 Bonitian construction and many overlie earlier walls. Of Rooms 1- 

 115, on the other hand, 59 are Old Bonitian structures from which the 

 4 Hyde Expeditions recovered the wealth of household utensils, 

 objects of personal adornment, and ceremonial paraphernalia that 

 ever since have been held up as illustrative of the cultural heights at- 

 tained by the inhabitants of Pueblo Bonito, Those treasures, however. 



