NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO JUDD 45 



On the basis of our explorations at Pueblo Bonito the two bark 

 dates, A.D. 1074, cited by Lancaster and Pinkley (ibid., p. 78) 

 seem to me a bit late for a Pueblo II building although quite in keep- 

 ing with "double coursed" masonry. Both single- and double-coursed 

 stonework appear at Pueblo Bonito, but the latter was not introduced 

 until after 8 feet or more of household rubbish had accumulated in 

 front of the original settlement. That original settlement was a 

 crescent-shaped Pueblo II village of single-coursed masonry; 12 of 

 the 13 datable timbers we recovered from its ruins were felled be- 

 tween A.D, 828 and 935. In contrast, beams, ceiling poles, and lintels 

 salvaged from later portions of the same pueblo, those with double- 

 coursed masonry, bear tree-ring dates from A.D. 1011 to 1126. 



These latest rooms, despite their superior construction, were 

 first to be abandoned as I read the record, and they were stripped 

 of their furnishings in the process. The Old Bonitians, on the other 

 hand, remained in residence and amassed the cultural treasures 

 and the foodstuffs cataloged by the Hyde Expeditions. If eight Old 

 Bonitian rooms eventually were converted into burial vaults for a 

 hundred dead that could not be interred in the accustomed place the 

 fact merely evidences continuing occupancy under adverse conditions 

 (Judd, 1954, pp. 325-341). We found no adult burial in Late 

 Bonitian dwellings. 



Pueblo II masonry at its very best is found in Old Bonito — its 

 equal has not been reported elsewhere — wall-wide slabs of sandstone 

 spalled around the edges and bedded one upon another in a surplus 

 of mud mortar (pi. 10, 1). Interior walls may include upright 

 slabs at the base or posts with mud and rocks between in the old 

 P. I. tradition ; exteriors may slant inward after the manner of pit- 

 house walls and may be studdied with stone chips, presumably to 

 lessen erosion by wind and water. 



In his tabulation of architectural features observed on Alkali 

 Ridge, Brew (1946, pp. 204-205) notes that 8 of the 14 BM. Ill— P. I 

 pit-dwellings at Site 13 were equipped with 4 roof -supporting posts 

 while five had six posts each and one (N) had none. Nine Pueblo II 

 kivas on Alkali Ridge, like nearby pit-houses, had been dug down into 

 native earth and plastered. Each of the nine was provided with a 

 lateral, above-floor ventilator; the sipapu was present in five and 

 absent in four ; the deep south banquette appeared in two only, those 

 at Site 11 and in Unit 2, Site 13. 



Five of Brew's nine P. II kivas had six masonry pilasters each, two 

 had eight, one had four, and the ninth retained the four free-standing 



