NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO JUDD 47 



sembled Chaco pottery so closely he was sometimes undecided whether 

 a sherd in hand was one or the other (ibid., p. 112). The nine known 

 tree-ring dates from Lowry, A.D. 987-1086 (Smiley, 1951, p. 23), lie 

 within the Pueblo Bonito bracket. 



Presence of Mancos and McElmo pottery in association at northern 

 ruins has long puzzled archeologists of the Pueblo area. Both are 

 primarily sherd-tempered, but the one is ornamented with mineral 

 paint and the other with organic. Mineral paint persisted from P. I 

 through the Chaco-like phase of P. Ill, but meanwhile the use of 

 organic paint increased progressively and became dominant by the 

 end of the period, when Classic Mesa Verde was in its prime 

 (Shepard, 1939, p. 254). 



From Mesa Verde National Park Deric O'Bryan (1950) con- 

 tributes to the definitions of both Mancos Black-on- white and McElmo 

 Black-on-white. He identifies the first with small, one-kiva house 

 units dated approximately A.D. 900-1050; the McElmo Phase, about 

 1050-1150, is identified with larger masonry settlements whose kivas 

 in addition to the six pilaster-sipapu-fireplace-deflector and above-floor 

 ventilator combination of Mancos Phase kivas, have the deep south 

 banquette as an established feature. Here, then, in O'Bryan's 

 post- 1050 McElmo Phase is the fully developed Mesa Verde kiva of 

 Kidder's definition, the one with the deep south banquette. O'Bryan 

 found no pure McElmo site but noted that McElmo Black-on-white 

 pottery sometimes occurs on Mancos ruins and even on those of 

 post-McElmo times. 



At their Site 16, also on Mesa Verde, Lancaster and Pinkley 

 (1954, p. 70) noted that "90 percent of the pottery ... is assignable 

 to the P. II period, or the Mancos Mesa phase." Reed (1958) 

 recognized both Mancos and McElmo among Chaco-like sherds at 4 

 late P. Ill, or Mesa Verde, sites he excavated in Mancos Canyon but 

 regarded the McElmo as merely an improved Mancos. "Generally," 

 he wrote (ibid., p. 83) "Mancos Black-on- white has been called 

 'Chaco' pottery or thought of as closely related to Chaco pottery" and, 

 again, as though clarifying Morris, "The so-called non-Chaco pottery 

 of the Chaco period on the La Plata is clearly Mancos Black-on-white 

 decorated with solid elements, lines and dots, and parallel stripes ; the 

 so-called Chaco-like is hachure-style Mancos" (ibid., p. 97). 



When Brew (1946, p. 285) found Mancos Black-on-white and 

 McElmo Black-on-white intermixed in household waste on Alkali 

 Ridge he listed the former as P. II and the latter as P. Ill but added 

 "the Mancos . . . had begun to show Mesa Verde features. The 



