NO, I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO JUDD 49 



countered during excavation of Be 50 is quite within reason for a 

 typical P. I shelter lies at the base of a near-by slope and P. I or 

 older peoples were long resident in Chaco Canyon (Judd, 1924b; 

 Roberts, 1929; Bryan, 1954). 



The association of P. II and P. Ill cultural traits, including 

 kiva fixtures, is apparent at other sites, large and small, throughout 

 the Chaco area. Still others, as Kidder (1924, p. 57) anticipated, 

 may represent an earlier or a later horizon. There are the ruins 

 Amsden examined south of Pueblo Bonito, and there is the one 

 Roberts partially excavated in 1926 about 10 miles to the east (Judd, 

 1927o, p. 166). This latter contained so many adult burials and so 

 many pieces of late Mesa Verde pottery (U.S.N.M. Nos. 334123-154) 

 is was dubbed at the time "the Mesa Verde house." 



Under special permits from the Department of the Interior, the 

 Pueblo Bonito Expedition in 1925 extended its inquiries beyond Chaco 

 Canyon. Monroe Amsden that year examined 16 small-house ruins in 

 Kinbiniyol Valley, south of the Chaco (U.S.N.M. Nos. 329803-845) 

 and the following summer, 1926, Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., cut two 

 stratigraphic sections, one 10 feet deep and the other 12, through 

 village waste at Pueblo Alto, on the cliff north of Pueblo Bonito, 

 and three similar tests, varying in depth from 3 feet 3 inches to 8 feet 

 8 inches, at Penasco Blanco (Judd, 1927fl, p. 168). 



wAmsden's data remain unpubHshed, but together his 16 small 

 ruins impress me as being hastily built, briefly occupied refuges 

 of post-P. II family groups, harried and on the run. Masonry, 

 for example, is primarily of wall- wide sandstone blocks, relatively 

 thick, not face-dressed but amply chinked, and with upright slabs 

 at the base. Ruin 13, a compact unit in one comer of a slab-enclosed 

 court, includes a kiva without pilasters but with a shallow basal 

 recess at the south and a deeper banquette above, a square ventilator 

 opening 2 inches above floor, a wattled deflector banked with adobe, 

 a masonry-lined fireplace, and a probable sipapu. Ruin 13 potsherds 

 (U.S.N.M. No. 329823) include Straight-line Hachure but those 

 with solid lines, stepped triangles, ticked lines, and checkerboard 

 figures are more numerous. 



The stratigraphic data collected by Roberts at Penasco Blanco 

 and Pueblo Alto were, with my permission, included in his 1927 

 doctoral dissertation at Harvard and have since been cited repeatedly 

 by other investigators. For our present review of Chaco Canyon 

 history, however, it is important to note that the Pueblo Alto sherds 

 (U.S.N.M. Nos. 334161-162) evidence construction and abandonment 

 while Pueblo Bonito was in its prime since Old Bonitian types and 



