52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I47 



To judge solely from this Pueblo Bonito sequence, upcanyon 

 masonry is all late. If my presumed eastward movement were spurred 

 in any degree by enemy peoples, Weje-gi displays the only evidence — 

 a row of cliffside portholes. Pueblo Pintado, easternmost of the major 

 Chaco ruins and a prominent landmark from every direction, stands 

 astride the Continental Divide. 



Once the Divide had been attained which path was taken by bearers 

 of the Chaco Culture? I do not know. Dispersal was by clan or 

 family groups, the Late Bonitians first and the Old Bonitians some- 

 time after. Nowhere is there evidence of mass migration. The two 

 peoples did not necessarily follow the same trail but both left Chaco 

 Canyon. Small pure Chaco sites are reported along the Continental 

 Divide, southward from Pueblo Pintado and West of Mount Taylor. 

 Reed (1950, p. 92) postulates a population shift eastward to the 

 upper Rio Grande but elsewhere (1955, p. 179) recognizes among 

 potsherds collected in the Zufii country "true Chaco Black-on-white of 

 the twelfth century." 



A twelfth century migration southward from the Chaco country 

 seems entirely reasonable. The latest known growth-ring from 

 Pueblo Bonito is A.D. 1126; only one later Chaco date has been 

 reported, A.D. 1178 from Ruin 8 (Kin Kletso) a half-mile west of 

 Pueblo Bonito (Bannister, 1960, p. 20). All Late Bonitian rooms we 

 explored had been vacated and stripped of their furnishings while 

 the Old Bonitians continued in residence, storing their autumn 

 harvests and, contrary to their cultural heritage, burying at least 

 some of their dead in unused groundfloor rooms. 



The small clustered rooms of Hopi towns have always seemed 

 to me a reflection of those in Old Bonito just as the large, high- 

 ceilinged rooms of Acoma and Zufii have seemed to echo those of Late 

 Bonito. This is only a personal impression, to be sure, but Chaco 

 Canyon influences are stronger in south central New Mexico than in 

 any other area personally known to me. And there remains the 

 intriguing fact that the Zufii, culturally Puebloan, are an isolated 

 linguistic group. 



The paired kivas Hodge (1923) excavated back of Hawik-uh are 

 pre-Zuni and follow the Chaco tradition with their subfloor ventilators 

 and sunken vaults west of the fireplace. Ruins underlying Ketchi- 

 pauan, one of the Seven Cities of Cibola, are of excellent masonry 

 and the equal of that at the paired kivas near Hawikuh. 



In a letter of August 18, 1921, addressed to the first symposium 

 held at the National Geographic Society's Pueblo Bonito camp, N. C. 



