60 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I47 



Room 325, three of them now sealed, sill height ranges from 16 

 inches to 4 feet 9 inches. The latter, a formidable step, was lessened 

 by a 2^-foot section of log leaned against the stonework and by a 

 toe-hold, \'^ inches deep, in the plaster above. The northeast door, 

 its sill 4 feet 3 inches above the floor, was entered with help of two 

 post steps, that nearest the wall being 9 inches in diameter and 33 

 inches high (pi. 14, left). On the opposite side, in Room 323, sill 

 height from the latest floor is only 3^ feet. The west wing of Old 

 Bonito ends two living rooms beyond, with the blank south walls 

 of Rooms 320 and 326. 



We can only guess at the number of individuals in an Old Bonitian 

 family and at the bulk of those individuals. Today, the average 

 family at Zuiii or one of the Hopi towns will number four or five 

 persons, not counting the ever-present relatives of the housewife. 

 And the dimensions of a prehistoric doorway, I am sure, provide no 

 proper measure of physical attributes. 



Courtward doorways such as those in Rooms 323, 325, and 326 

 may have been standard for ground-floor living rooms on the con- 

 cave side of Old Bonito. However, in Rooms 28 and 85, and per- 

 haps others for which data are lacking, steps were provided in order 

 to reach court level, wind-blown sand and soil having accumulated 

 ceiling-high outside. Rooms 3 and Sb, next west of 28, and all other 

 fronting rooms south to 330 likewise were deeply buried by court- 

 side accumulations. For these deep rooms hatchways offered a sim- 

 ple means of ingress and exit. 



Hatchways in 3 and 3a (97) are described both from below and 

 from their second stories. Rooms 91 and 92, respectively. The first 

 of these openings, 2 by 3 feet, "was sealed with matting and bunches 

 of cedarbark tied with yucca leaves" ; the 3a hatchway likewise "had 

 been covered with matting." Absence of lateral doors suggests that 

 Rooms 315, 316, 328, 329, and 330, among others, also had been 

 provided with ceiling hatches. 



Old Bonitian architects were conservatives ; they attempted few 

 innovations. Their Pueblo II single-course masonry never changed 

 but it was augmented here and there with earlier, inherited methods 

 of house construction — posts with mud and rocks packed between 

 and sandstone slabs at the base of a wall (pi. 20, upper and lower). 

 Basal slabs, for example, are reported in Rooms 107, 306, and 317; 

 flagstone floors, in 83, 142, and 320. Post-and-mud walls, harking 

 straight back to Pueblo I times, were noted in Rooms 3, 3a (97), 8, 

 28, 61, 63, 327, 328, and 329 but in no case did these approach the 



