68 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I47 



from razed walls. Together, bench height and fill between floors 

 thus equal the 38-inch-high bench Pepper reported in the old kiva 

 under Room 83. 



Our East Court Old Bonitian kiva, with its high bench and out- 

 ward-slanting wall, was divided by an east-west partition built upon 

 the floor and closely following the irregularities of the kiva masonry. 

 The fact that this dividing w^all had been constructed chiefly of un- 

 worked friable sandstone with individual blocks protruding at irregu- 

 lar intervals from both sides identified it as the north enclosing wall of 

 Late Bonitian Kiva 2-C. At its west end, 2 feet thick, the partition 

 was braced to the concave kiva wall by two series of small poles in- 

 serted 6 feet 4 inches and 7 feet 10 inches above the bench while on 

 the opposite, or south, side two single poles at a height of 5 feet 

 9 inches joined the crosswall to the convex exterior of Kiva 2-C. 



It should be noted at this point that, although the stonework of 

 this bowl-shaped Old Bonitian kiva sloped outward at an average 

 of 12-| degrees, the walls of nearby Late Bonitian kivas 2-B and 

 2-C likewise had an outward but lesser slant. 



Deep beneath the West Court terrace number 347, in front of 

 Room 324, we came upon part of another Old Bonitian kiva and 

 bared a 7- foot section of it (pi. 23, left). It partially underlay the 

 remnant of a kiva built of second-type masonry while above this 

 latter and at the surface is the previously excavated, third-type kiva 

 readily identified from Pepper's description as his 67 but which was 

 misplaced on Hyde's plan of the ruin {in Pepper, 1920, fig. 155). 



The bench in that old, first-type kiva lies 9 feet 3 inches below 

 the Room 347 pavement. Because our trench was narrow, with in- 

 secure stonework on either side, we did not determine bench height, 

 but its width was 36 inches, its front edge rounded and 3 inches higher 

 than the rear. Midway of our 7- foot arc was a masonry pilaster, 

 adobe plastered, 8 inches wide by 6 inches high and full bench width 

 without the usual setback. Lengthwise upon this pilaster was a 5-inch- 

 diameter log, its butt end built into the kiva wall and its forward end 

 seated upon a 4-inch post embedded in the bench masonry 2 feet 

 5 inches from its rear edge. This Old Bonitian pilaster stands alone 

 and may be an exception, but alone it seems to be something of a 

 compromise between those in the bowl-shaped kiva north of 2-C and 

 the 4-post roof supports of P. II kivas in the San Juan country. 



The stonework of this 7-foot-long section, razed to within 4 feet 

 10 inches of its bench, was 14 inches through, thickly plastered and 

 smoke stained, with an outward slant of 13 degrees. It continued 



