NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO JUDD ']'^ 



had been repeatedly plastered and smoke-stained and the final coat 

 whitewashed. From a point directly beneath the horizontal abutment 

 on the west side of the Kiva 16 enclosure (beyond which point we 

 did not venture) we bared the lower bench westward for 9 feet 

 8 inches where it turned abruptly north for 20 inches and there had 

 been demolished upon construction of the Room 28 foundation. The 

 above-bench wall on either side of that angle, razed to within an aver- 

 age height of 7 inches, was merely the face of a cut clay bank. A 

 disturbed area just to the west of our test pit presumably marks the 

 limit of Hyde Expedition excavations in "Room 40." 



Presumably that deep-seated, cutbank structure, with its adobe 

 floor and plastered bench, is pre-Old Bonito, but we found nothing to 

 identify its builders. It differs fimdamentally from the two slab-lined 

 pit-houses exposed by our West Court trench, and it differs from 

 every P. I or P. II building of which I have knowledge except, pos- 

 sibly, another remnant we discovered on a pavement 6 feet 3 inches 

 below the floor of Room 241 at the southeast corner of the pueblo. 

 In this case, however, the former structure was represented by a 

 section of adobe wall 8 inches thick and 16 inches high, topped with 

 sandstone and buried under a layer of water-borne silt. 



Describing Late Bonitian Room 100, Pepper (1920, p. 318) sug- 

 gests that the north half of its east wall, protruding about 2 feet, 

 "may have been a part of the old building," but I would guess that 

 what he saw was actually the Late Bonitian foundation for that north 

 half. On the other hand, the under-floor construction in Room 56 was 

 undoubtedly Old Bonitian as were the walls built above. But nowhere 

 short of Rooms 80 and 87 do I detect among Pepper's published 

 field notes positive evidence of Late Bonitian replacement of Old 

 Bonito's ground-floor dwellings. Late Bonitian architects surrounded 

 the west wing of the old town with rooms of their own devising ; in 

 the east wing they razed and rebuilt. 



It seems significant that the Late Bonitians confined their initial 

 reconstruction activities to the east wing of the Old Bonito crescent. 

 Their architects added second stories to the court-side row of ground- 

 floor structures from Room 28 west and south to 329 or 330 but they 

 ventured no replacement in that section. Pepper mentions none. We 

 cleared 11 Old Bonitian west-wing rooms and observed no subfloor 

 wall in either of them. Not until Late Bonitian architects had de- 

 veloped their second variety of masonry (my third type) did they 

 undertake a major constructional program for the west side of the 

 enlarged pueblo and by this time they were ready to replace all the 

 walls they had previously built in the east wing above razed Old 

 Bonitian rooms. 



