III. THE SECOND-TYPE ADDITION 



Old Bonito had been inhabited a long, long while and its household 

 rubbish had piled up 8 feet deep before a second people arrived to take 

 up joint residence. This second people, whom I have called "The 

 Late Bonitians" for want of a better name, proceeded immediately to 

 usurp leadership of the community and shape it to their own desires. 



Nowhere is this leadership more apparent than in architecture. 

 Late Bonitian methods of house construction differed from Old 

 Bonitian methods. Whereas the Old Bonitians adhered firmly to 

 their traditional Pueblo II type of stonework — wall-wide slabs of 

 spalled sandstone and adobe mortar (pi. 10, 1) — the Late Bonitians 

 preferred walls composed of hand-dressed or selected blocks of sand- 

 stone veneering both sides of a rubblework core. This "double- 

 course" masonry, as it has been called, was more stable than Old 

 Bonitian stonework ; with a setback at ceiling level, it invited super- 

 imposed rooms. 



When the Late Bonitians came to dwell at Pueblo Bonito their 

 first conspicuous undertaking was to surround the crescent-shaped 

 old village with a single, close-fitting row of 2-story houses. The 

 masonry they employed for this undertaking is what I have termed 

 "second type" thus to distinguish it from that of the first settlers, the 

 Old Bonitians. Second-type masonry consists of friable sandstone 

 blocks, hammer-pecked or hand-abraded on the face only and chinked 

 with quarter-inch tablets of laminate sandstone (pi. 10, 2). 



Recording his observations in Room 1, Pepper (1920, p. 29) 

 expressed the thought that the adjacent outer walls, which are of 

 second-type construction, must "represent the latest additions to 

 the no doubt constantly changing pueblo." Later, and in lighter 

 mood, he described (ibid., p. 332) this variety of local stonework 

 as "the sandwich form" — large pieces with thin pieces between — 

 which is just as good a name as any. 



Why the Late Bonitians should have felt it necessary to envelop 

 the old town with walls of their own is not now apparent; possibly 

 it was to give expression to their sense of orderliness, for they 

 found Old Bonito a crescentic assemblage of large and small rooms 

 with others added haphazardly from time to time. Its convex outside 

 wall, thickly coated with mud and slanted inward at the top, was solid 

 and impenetrable. It had no door. It was its own defense. 



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