NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO — JUDD 95 



made a total wall thickness of nearly 3^ feet (Pepper, ibid., p. 299). 

 The southwest wall, a foot thick, was supported by an 8-inch straight- 

 grained pine beam seen at upper right in Pepper's figure 127 (p. 307). 

 Unpublished Hyde print 304 shows that supported wall to be of excel- 

 lent second-type masonry and the equal of that adjoining on the 

 southeast (pi. 24, left). 



The floor of Room 91, next door to 92, rested upon four beams 

 averaging a foot in diameter, and these were crossed at right angles 

 by poles 2-4 inches thick (Pepper, ibid., p. 40). There were no com- 

 parable beams under the floor of Room 92 but rather a dozen or 

 more transverse poles some of which appear in Pepper's figures 127 

 and 128 (ibid., pp. 307-8). 



It is not improbable that ground-floor Rooms 3 and 3a (or 97) 

 were originally one and that this was divided sometime after Late 

 Bonitian architects built Rooms 91 and 92 at the second-story level. 

 The straight-grained 8-inch pine beam on top of the dividing partition 

 was part of that reconstruction; transverse poles extended from it 

 across 3a to an "old" 6-inch beam half concealed at ceiling level 

 in the Late Bonitian veneering of the northeast wall. Thus, although 

 I detect no trace of it in Pepper's illustrations, the layer of close- 

 lying northwest-southeast ceiling poles in unpublished Hyde print 

 304, with its covering of cedarbark and adobe and a mud-rimmed 

 fireplace in the middle, necessarily overlay the transverse poles of 

 figures 127 and 128. Clearly the Late Bonitians were rather prodi- 

 gal in their use of straight-grained ceiling poles ! 



As to the time of these Late Bonitian alterations we have only 

 the six ceiling-pole dates, A.D. 1036-1092, collected by Dr. Deric 

 O'Bryan from Room 97 (or 3a), "upstairs" and "downstairs" (per- 

 sonal communication; Gila Pueblo Nos. 2297-9, 2303-5). National 

 Geographic Society specimens 47 and 48 from Late Bonitian Rooms 

 55 and 57, just around the corner, bear cutting dates of 1071 and 

 1083. So the quantities of bean bushes, beans, and corn found on the 

 floor of Room 92 (Pepper, ibid., p. 298) could have been harvested 

 either by the Late Bonitian builders of that room or by the Old 

 Bonitian occupants of 3 and 3a. 



Pepper identifies Room 3 as a "square kiva," whereas the slab- 

 sided fireplace, the draft deflector, and the 12-inch-square "entrance 

 to a passageway" that prompted the identification actually occur in 

 the room above, 91. Outside, while clearing the terrace above Kiva R, 

 we observed no evidence either of the reported ventilator intake or 

 of the four 12-inch beams "protruding fully 8 feet." 



