130 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I47 



liberately cut another on the west side, out in front of the Kiva W 

 enclosure. From these three points we estimated floor diameter at 

 about 53 feet. With a 2-foot-wide bench and a 3-foot main wall, ex- 

 ternal diameter would have been approximately 63 feet. Average 

 depth was 10 feet 7 inches. The entire structure had been built in 

 a cylindrical pit purposely dug in an enormous pile of village rub- 

 bish. Tool marks remain in the cut bank at south and west. 



A west-side margin of 38 inches remains between stonework and 

 bank and if this holds all the way around the pit dug for that Great 

 Kiva would approximate 69 feet in diameter. The contents of that pit 

 had to be disposed of. Earth and rock from a hole 69 feet in diameter 

 by 10^ feet deep would equal 39,262.55 cubic feet or 291 modern truck 

 loads at 5 cubic yards per load — a prodigious undertaking for a 

 people with no metal and no means of transportation other than 

 blankets and baskets. But all had been carried out and dumped south 

 of the pueblo, filling the flood water channel there and starting the 

 two piles that grew into the main village refuse mounds. 



It was in a remnant of that pre-excavation dump, fortunately 

 surviving just outside the razed south arc of the Great Kiva, that 

 Roberts and Amsden cut the two stratigraphic columns, Tests 1 and 

 2, repeatedly cited herein as having solved our problem of the mixed 

 early and late pottery at Pueblo Bonito. Those two columns, a total 

 of 25 feet, showed that one group of wares occur below the 8-foot 

 level and a second group, above. From Test 1, 13 feet deep, 3,593 

 potsherds were recovered (U.S.N.M. No. 334174) and all black- 

 on-white fragments below Stratum B were P. II types that Amsden 

 and Roberts called Transitional or Degenerate Transitional. Of 

 2,934 fragments from Test 2 (U.S.N.M. No. 334175), no Straight- 

 line Hachure, no proto-Mesa Verde, and only one Corrugated Coil 

 sherd was found below the upper 4 feet 2 inches. 



These two stratigraphic tests and the several constructional features 

 brought to light by our 5-foot-wide exploratory trench are repre- 

 sented on figure 7. But the very diversity of those features prompted 

 an extension of the trench northward through Old Bonito to the 

 exterior where Late Bonitian architects first left their mark. The 

 result, figure 14, thus provides a north-south profile of Pueblo 

 Bonito that further illustrates its fascinating history. 



Late Bonitian Rooms 202 and 203, of second-type masonry, were 

 built upon a 3- foot accumulation of blown sand wind-piled against 

 the rough, first-type stonework of Old Bonitian Room 5 and its 

 second story. Room 4. Externally, the north wall of 202 overhangs 



