132 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I47 



with mud and embedded upright in a broken floor 9 feet 10 inches 

 beneath the surface (here approximately 2 feet below average). The 

 larger part of that ancient dwelling had been destroyed presumably 

 upon construction of what appears to have been an Old Bonitian Kiva 

 its associated floor at a depth of 11 feet 10 inches. 



The upper north side of this presumed kiva, 40 inches thick and 

 heavily plastered, sloped outward in the Old Bonitian manner. As the 

 P. I pit-house had apparently been destroyed to make way for a P. II 

 kiva so the latter, in turn, had been demolished in the path of a P. Ill 

 Great Kiva. 



There can be no question as to the period of this huge structure, 

 profiled by our 1925 exploratory trench, but I might have erred at the 

 time in classifying it as of probable third-type construction. The 

 internal features we saw are comparable to those of Kiva A, which 

 is third-type or later. Kiva Q, another Great Kiva, stands between 

 in point of time. Masonry was my guide in trying to determine the 

 order of development at Pueblo Bonito but wreckers of the Great 

 Kiva under the West Court were so thorough they left no identifia- 

 ble stonework. 



During demolition the floor had been covered by an apparent in- 

 tentional fill, predominantly of blown sand, 3 feet deep at the 

 south and 2 feet at the north — blown sand containing a scattering 

 of clay pellets and sandstone spalls — with a trampled surface on 

 top. Nine feet 10 inches from the south bench a rough stone pillar 

 5 feet 8 inches in diameter had been stripped of its facing stones 

 after the sand was carried in, leaving the latter standing free. The 

 north side of this southeast roof support had been incorporated in 

 an above-floor vault 6 feet 10 inches long by 4 feet 8 inches wide 

 by 30 inches deep, its original length subsequently reduced by built-in 

 offsets at each end averaging 4 inches wide by 8 inches high. 



Two feet farther north and under the sandy layer is another 

 masonry-lined vault, 8 feet long by 23 inches deep, filled with ir- 

 regular pieces of friable sandstone and covered with slabs at floor 

 level. This second vault, therefore, was a feature of the original 

 structure and was filled and floored over prior to construction of 

 its above-floor successor, that abutting the southeast pillar. A 

 northeast column, likewise 5 feet 8 inches in diameter, had been 

 built within the abandoned subfloor vault, leaving a 23-inch clearance 

 on the south side but one of 5 inches only on the north. Like the 

 first, this second pillar had been stripped of finished stonework; its 



