174 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I47 



wall is slightly concave and rests directly upon the first-type stone- 

 work of 28 and 28a, originally one. 



Rooms 55 and 57 were built upon pine beams inserted at ceiling 

 level above the west half of 28 and the wall that separates them 

 was further supported by a built-in, 9-inch timber (pi. 80, right). 

 This latter (JPB No. 49) gave a tree-ring date of A.D. 1083, 12 

 years later than a beam-end (JPB 48) from the north wall of Room 

 57 but, nevertheless, suggesting the approximate period during which 

 these two fourth-type Late Bonitian rooms replaced one of second- 

 type construction. 



Former south doors, later blocked and plastered over, had provided 

 access to Rooms 57 and 28B from the terrace outside (pi. 11, left). 

 Those to 28B, two in number, both T-shaped, and one replacing 

 the other, are described by Pepper (ibid., pp. 127, 199) as connecting 

 with Room 40. I suspect an erroneous observation here for, as 

 explained elsewhere (Judd, 1954, p. 27), Room 40 is nonexistent, 

 and its "bin" is the entryway to a flight of stone steps leading down 

 to Room 28 and thence to 51a. 



A test pit in the northeast corner of this terrace revealed: (1) The 

 nonbanded fourth-type exterior of 28B abutting the banded west 

 side of the Kiva 16 enclosure; (2) the latter's so-called "bench," 

 12 inches high on a foundation of comparable height, abutting both 

 the fourth-type exterior of 28B and the first-type exterior of 28a 

 and (3) the 2- foot-high foundation of Room 28a standing, at depth of 

 10^ feet, upon the adobe floor of a quadrangular structure whose 

 above-bench wall, razed at 7 inches, was merely mud-plastered earth. 



A second test pit beneath the blocked Room 57 door revealed a 

 5-inch-wide offset marking Room 28 ceiling height, 4 empty beam 

 holes 10 inches lower and, approximately at Room 28 floor level, a 

 slab-lined fireplace 23 inches in diameter by 8 inches deep. Overlying 

 this latter, between Kiva R and the post-and-mud exterior of Rooms 

 3a and 28, was an accumulation of village rubbish that included 

 demolition waste, kitchen sweepings, and numerous potsherds both 

 Old Bonitian and Late Bonitian. 



Farther along the terrace, in the angle formed by the enclosing 

 walls of Kivas Y and Z and perhaps contemporary with them, is a 

 masonry-lined pit averaging 3 by 5 feet, inside, and 49 inches deep 

 (pi. 18, left). Its interior was reddened by fire; its fill, sand and 

 sandstone spalls with bits of charcoal in the upper half. 



Like Rooms 28B, 55, and 57, Kivas Y and Z are Late Bonitian 

 substitutions for earlier structures. In contrast, the single row 



