NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO — JUDD 1 75 



extending south from Kiva 16, Rooms 17-35o, represent Late 

 Bonitian reconstruction rather than replacement. Room 17, which 

 we had numbered and examined before Pepper's field notes were 

 published, is identified by its store of oversized metates with our 

 Room 211. Its subfloor paired foundations are among those we had 

 traced northward from room to room without finding any clue as to 

 their intended purpose. 



South of Room 211 are two unnumbered compartments whose 

 west walls had been built upon timbers crossing the east arc of third- 

 type Kiva Q. When those timbers eventually rotted and collapsed 

 they let fall into the ceremonial chamber below a number of deeply 

 worn or outworn metates, both Old Bonitian and Late Bonitian, 

 obviously intended, as were those in 211, for pulverizing white sand- 

 stone for wall decoration. We found a quantity of that sandstone 

 in Room 212 and there was more in 27, adjoining. This entire row, 

 as I judge from its masonry, was originally built by the Late 

 Bonitians with third-type stonework but was subsequently repaired 

 with banded fourth-type masonry. 



Separating Rooms 34 and 35a is a narrow passage connecting the 

 East and West Courts. Beneath its east end, while tracing the 

 exterior of Kiva 2-B, we came upon a small subterranean cubbyhole, 

 of crude construction but plastered, that may be the feature desig- 

 nated as Room 147 on Hyde's groundplan (in Pepper, 1920, fig. 155). 

 All the finished stonework hereabout appears to have been third-type 

 originally and subsequently much patched and sometimes replaced 

 with banded fourth-type. Such repairs as we undertook in this area, 

 and elsewhere, sought to duplicate masonry then standing. Late 

 Bonitian stonework is so outstanding one is inclined to discount its 

 age and origin. As my Zufii companions remarked in 1920 upon the 

 occasion of their first tour of Pueblo Bonito, "White men built those 

 walls ; Indians could not." 



Shrines. The Hyde Expedition's Room 190 as illustrated by 

 Pepper (ibid., fig. 146) was a flag-floored, sub-surface cylinder of 

 sandstone masonry that looks to be almost but not quite my fourth- 

 type. It was a pit-shrine, a communal anchor so to speak, that bound 

 the Late Bonitians to this particular place of residence. Masonry and 

 location identify it as peculiarly Late Bonitian but its counterpart 

 may be seen today, however inconspicuously, in every Pueblo village 

 where the old religious practices are still respected, from the Hopi 

 mesas on the west to the Rio Grande. 



We have no recorded description of Room 190, but Pepper's ex- 



