NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO — JUDD 183 



(2) on the north side, 8 inches above the floor between Pilasters 3 

 and 4, a blocked niche measuring 10 inches wide by 16 inches ; 



(3) on the west side, a rough- walled recess 33 by 18 inches deep with 

 an 11 by 16-inch opening 7 inches above the kiva floor. Comparable 

 niches were noted in eight other local kivas (F, G, M, N, R, U, X, and 

 2-E) but only one (in Y) above bench level. 



The under-floor ventilator is perhaps the most characteristic feature 

 of Chaco-type kivas, and that in L is thoroughly representative. 

 Here the actual vent is 18 by 15 inches, the outlet from a slab-paved, 

 masonry-lined duct 21 inches deep (pi. 60, upper). Roofed with 

 hewn pine boards and a 3-inch layer of adobe mud flush with the 

 room floor, the duct passed under the middle of the south bench 

 recess to connect with an external shaft, the air intake. Two courses 

 of sandstone, plastered at the sides, stood at the north edge of the 

 vent, screening the fireplace. 



Although built during the Late Bonitians' major constructional 

 program (JPB No's 70, 79, and 81 gave tree-ring dates of 1047 and 

 1061), Kiva L eventually was abandoned and thereafter briefly uti- 

 lized as a neighborhood dump. Of, 4,732 sherds tabulated from these 

 floor sweepings 16 percent are Old Bonitian and 67.3 percent Late 

 Bonitian. Of those we examined, five other local kivas (H, J, K, T, 

 and 2-D) likewise had degenerated to the status of community dump- 

 ing places. 



Under the floor of Kiva L were remains of an older, second-type- 

 masonry kiva (fig. 4). Not until three years later, July 29, 1926, 

 was the ventilator shaft of this older structure located, its partly 

 demolished stonework 5-| feet below the East Court surface. 



Subfloor ventilators in three of our kivas (I, X, 162) offer evi- 

 dence of remodeling. In Kiva I, for instance, the rear wall of the 

 south recess had been partially removed and replaced with wattle- 

 work supported by two upright sticks and, at each end, by a 1-inch 

 bundle of reeds. In Kiva X the customary under-floor tunnel had 

 been filled and floored over and a substitute ventilator, 9^ inches wide 

 by 17 high, cut through the back of the recess 6 inches above floor 

 level. With apparent humor, the mason who did this work installed 

 two sill stones, one white and the other red. 



Despite the fact each boasts an under-floor ventilator in the Chaco 

 tradition, five of our kivas (E, X, Y, 2-E, and 59) are really foreign 

 to Chaco Canyon. The first two have high masonry pilasters after 

 the manner of those in the Mesa Verde country, and so too does 

 that underneath 162. 



