l86 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I47 



nary pilasters. Instead of the usual log core with masonry at the 

 sides, these 10 were solid blocks of wood and their mud covering 

 was applied directly. They averaged 16 inches wide by 7 inches high, 

 were set back 3-4 inches from the front of the bench and their rear 

 ends were embedded in the kiva wall. 



Fire had destroyed the Kiva D roof and most of its supporting 

 pilasters, and when we made repairs in 1921 we removed the char- 

 coal from several empty sockets and replaced it with stonework re- 

 cessed about an inch. Sacrificial offerings were recovered from 7 

 of the 10 logs. A plastered basin with sloping sides, 4^ feet long, 

 1 1 inches wide and 5 inches deep on the bench between Pilasters 5 and 

 6 may, conceivably, be a substitute for the usual north bench recess. 

 Only one other kiva, F, had solid wood pilasters like those in D. 



As in others of Chaco type, Kiva D has a central fireplace and a 

 subfloor ventilating system the external shaft in this instance being 

 concealed in the rebuilt masonry above its south recess. West of the 

 fireplace is a better-than-average subfloor vault — 8 feet 9 inches long 

 by 19 inches deep, 3 feet 5 inches wide at one end and 4 feet at the 

 other (pi. 62, lower). Its floor is ill-defined; 16-inch offsets appear 

 at each end and lesser ones, 4 inches wide and half as deep, on either 

 side. Embedded in the masonry just below these side offsets are 

 remains of two single transverse poles that may, at one time, have 

 supported a light covering. But this Kiva D vault, as usual, had 

 been filled with clean sand and floored over. Upon conclusion of our 

 1921 examination we replaced the sandy contents with broken rock 

 as a drainage aid. Although these west-side vaults are an expected 

 feature of Chaco-type kivas, none was found in L, N, or U. 



Kiva B had all the accouterments of a typical Chaco-type kiva : 

 encircling bench with low pilasters and south recess, central fireplace, 

 west-side vault, and subfloor ventilator (pi. 63, lower). This latter, 

 however, instead of extending to and beneath the south recess bore 

 due east there to meet a cylindrical ventilator shaft squeezed be- 

 tween the kiva stonework and the older west wall of Room 153 which 

 we had previously traced 9^ feet below floor level. Thus the presence 

 of established buildings on the east and south may have forced this 

 conspicuous irregularity. 



Pueblo peoples are conservatives and followers of custom but local 

 factors have sometimes compelled substitutions. In Kiva H the 

 ventilator duct passes under the south recess and then turns abruptly 

 to the left. In 2-E it turns sharply to the right. In Kiva 2-D the 

 duct passed beneath the middle of the south wall even though there 



