NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO — JUDD 19I 



(pi. 67, lower). Here four 2-inch poles, walled at the front and 

 sides with small-stone masonry, replaced the expected single-log core. 

 Each pilaster rested upon a thin sandstone slab; we observed no 

 sacrificial offering. In every other respect construction followed the 

 customary Chaco-type pattern: under-floor ventilator, south bench 

 recess, circular fireplace, and west-side vault. Ceiling timbers crossed 

 upon alternate pairs of pilasters in the traditional sequence, the third 

 layer increased by one. Upright poles stood at the rear of the bench. 

 With walls composed wholly of friable sandstone, disintegration had 

 progressed to such a degree that I considered it advisable to refill the 

 chamber at conclusion of our study. But there was an earlier floor 

 or work-surface at depth of 3 inches with a thin covering of shale 

 chips. 



What I have called "Kiva Y," opened by unknown persons prior 

 to 1920, has an undeniable resemblance to 59. Like the latter it was 

 erected in a former dwelling whose plastered masonry survives behind 

 the intruding walls. Kiva 59, however, is a groundfloor chamber 

 while "Y" lies at the second story level. Its third-type stonework 

 abuts both the plastered exterior of Old Bonitian Room 112 and the 

 southward extension of the second-type southeast side of Room 91. 

 It has a subfloor ventilator, a square, masonry-lined fireplace, a north- 

 wall niche, plastered and whitened, 29 inches above the floor, and a 

 south recess 32 inches high and averaging 13 inches deep. Above 

 this latter, however, a broad, recesslike shelf opens out on either side 

 with a built-in ventilator shaft between. Together, these two broad 

 shelves above bench height, resemble the deep south recess of 

 northern kivas. 



At time of its abandonment, Kiva R was one of pure Chaco type, 

 but it began as an Old Bonitian cult room with outward-flaring sides 

 and each subsequent modification, as I interpret the evidence, sought 

 to retain the original bowl-like contour. The Late Bonitians built 

 within and upon the original and twice thereafter undertook to better 

 their own handiwork. 



The main wall of Kiva R is predominantly second-type masonry, 

 but the upper 3 feet, more or less, is a third-type renovation (pi. 24, 

 left). At 7 feet 4 inches above its bench the wall sets back 16 inches 

 to a riser that averages 11 inches, leaving an offset that retained 

 remnants of former ceiling poles — a ceiling-pole offset repeated so 

 frequently in Pueblo Bonito kivas I believe it to have been standard. 

 Between Pilasters 3 and 4 the ends of three horizontal poles show one 

 above the other, presumably introduced to bind the second-type stone- 

 work to what lies behind. Mud plaster covers the wall, bench to offset. 



