NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO JUDD I93 



A test on this latest bench between Pilasters 2 and 3 showed a 

 soft sand and clay fill to the slab-surface of its second-type prede- 

 cessor. This second-type bench likewise was filled behind its facing 

 masonry but with spalled sandstone and mortar rather than with 

 sand and clay only. My notes contain no reference to wainscoting 

 poles on the second-type bench, as on the later one, but stress the out- 

 ward slant of the main wall. This consisted of large blocks of dressed 

 friable sandstone, chinked in the characteristic second-type manner. 

 The only puzzle remaining is that 19 inches of vertical Old Bonitian 

 stonework at the bottom. 



An accumulation of windborne sand almost ceiling high, traceable 

 remains of roofing timbers through that sand, and a noticeable lack 

 of occupational debris upon the floor unite in suggesting that Kiva R 

 continued in use until the last few families were ready to leave 

 Pueblo Bonito. 



Old Bonitian kivas, as made known by our incomplete studies, have 

 wide benches and walls that flare outward like the sides of a bowl. 

 None has any suggestion of vertical stonework above the bench. 

 Hence my perplexity over that in the original of Kiva R. 



As stated in Chapter II, our best example of an Old Bonitian kiva 

 is the the one we discovered at the northwest corner of the East 

 Court, divided by the north enclosing wall of Kiva 2-C (pi. 23, right). 

 Its indicated diameter is 22^ feet; its main wall, on the west, stands 

 10 feet above the bench but 2 or more additional feet apparently were 

 removed prior to construction of the unnumbered room between 211 

 and 212. The east side of this unnumbered room overhangs the old 

 kiva interior by 18 inches; supporting beams, if any, had decayed. 



The bench in this Old Bonitian kiva is surfaced with sandstone 

 slabs and plastered. It measures 25 inches high and 34 inches wide 

 and thus exceeds both in width and height that at the bottom of our 

 Kiva R test. Only two pilasters are present in the surviving half, 

 thus indicating four roof supports in the tradition of P. I and early 

 P. II 4-post houses. The two average 10^ inches wide by 6^ inches 

 high; each consists of a 6-inch log, set back 7 or 8 inches from the 

 bench front and its butt end embedded in the wall masonry and packed 

 about with shale chips. Although still 25 inches high, the white- 

 plastered bench masonry in this old kiva extends to an earlier floor 

 or work surface 13 inches lower — a surface overlain by a 5-inch 

 layer of shale and covered by stone-impressed adobe chunks, pre- 

 sumably from razed walls. Thus whitened plaster and utilization of 



