196 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I47 



consisting of a log core 8-10 inches in diameter and sunk 2-4 inches 

 into the bench top, veneered at the sides with small-stone masonry 

 and thickly plastered. Above bench level the lower 3^ feet of the kiva 

 wall had been plastered once but this was concealed by a wainscot of 

 3-inch upright posts, placed about 8 inches from the wall 5-6 inches 

 apart, and packed behind with bunchgrass. After a foot of blown 

 sand had collected upon the floor (26 inches at the south) fire had 

 destroyed grass, cribwork, and the pilaster logs. Charred offerings 

 were recovered from all but No. 3. 



Kiva G is a typical Chaco-type kiva with central fireplace, subfloor 

 ventilator going under the south recess, a north bench niche, and a 

 west-side vault, well floored and lined with masonry that included 

 several stones-on-end. The north-bench recess measured 29 inches 

 wide by 9 inches high and 13 inches deep; it was plastered inside 

 and its floor whitened. Outside and below each jamb was a shallow 

 depression, of unknown significance if any. But what interested us 

 most of all was the lower half of the bench facing (pi. 70, lower). 

 It looked to me at the time like Old Bonitian stonework, and I still 

 believe it to be such, but in retrospect I realize a test pit should 

 have been dug to the bottom to ascertain its depth. Kiva G was 

 partially demolished when the Braced-up Cliff collapsed January 22, 

 1941 (Judd, 1959&), and it is possible this remnant of apparent P. II 

 masonry was lost at that time. 



We counted 37 circular kivas in Pueblo Bonito of which 28 are a 

 local variety I have called "the Chaco type," 2 (A, Q) are super- 

 kivas — Great Kivas as they are now known to the profession — and 

 7 (E, I, X, Y, 2-E, 59, and sub-162) are either foreign to Chaco 

 Canyon or are examples of the dominant local type that were revised 

 to meet the preferences of peoples migrant from northern mesas and 

 valleys where high masonry roof supports, deep south recesses, and 

 above-floor ventilators are standard kiva fixtures. 



AIcElmo, or proto-Mesa Verde, pottery types were conspicuous 

 in or near these seven foreign-influenced kivas and the same pottery 

 types were preponderant at Pueblo del Arroyo, 300 yards down 

 valley, where four of the seven Chaco-type kivas excavated for the 

 National Geographic Society had been converted by their last oc- 

 cupants to the northern, above-floor-ventilator variety (Judd, 1959a, 

 p. 172). 



In addition, we have at Pueblo Bonito 9 or more rectangular rooms 

 {3a, 71, 309, 315, 316, 328, 350, 351) that may, conceivably, have 

 been closely associated with ritualistic practices. Such rooms are 



