NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO — JUDD 2O3 



A test pit at this point (pi. 7^, right) disclosed remnants of two 

 earlier kivas with floors at depths of 23 and 39 inches. 



A second limited test farther along the east wall, at about 4 o'clock, 

 showed the lower bench (a) averaging 12 inches in height with no 

 foundation. Its lower 3 inches were abutted by constructional debris 

 and above that were no less than 17 successive adobe surfaces or 

 compacted sand layers, each ash-darkened and thickest next the 

 bench as though piled there by circulating air currents. Farther re- 

 moved, less dubious floors appeared 5, 11, 14, and 15| inches above 

 the original work surface. 



The southeast vault apparently was built on the first of these 

 surfaces, that at 5 inches, while its northward extension was built on 

 the ninth at 14 inches (pi. 74, upper). An 8-inch post formerly stood 

 near the north end of this addition and just around the corner, under- 

 lying the masonry, was part of a thick stone, its edge rounded by 

 pecking as was that beneath the outer corner of the southwest pillar. 

 A foot or more of blown sand, chunks of burned roof adobe, and 

 scattered pieces of charred wood crossed the vault and sloped thence 

 to the top of the middle bench (&). Above it, water- washed sand 

 and clay and fallen masonry sloped up to East Court level. 



The southeast pillar foundation stood upon a silt surface in a 

 hole 34 inches deep and was packed all around with shale fragments. 

 On that same silt surface and underlying the lower bench was a 

 20-inch layer of household sweepings mixed with debris of demoli- 

 tion. From this mixture we recovered a number of McElmo 

 Black-on-white potsherds, proto-Mesa Verde, and Little Colorado 

 Polychrome — fragments that readily identify Kiva A as of late con- 

 struction. Clean sand was encountered at 5 feet 10 inches. 



Midway between this southeast pillar and that opposite, the south- 

 west, stood a raised masonry fireplace 23 inches high and a little 

 more than 5 feet square. Its outer corners were rounded; its basin 

 was clay-lined, burned, and ash-filled. There was a draft deflector, 

 or fire screen, 3^ feet to the south — z. screen consisting of wattlework 

 5 feet 2 inches long, height unknown, supported by five posts and 

 with a 28-inch long adobe extension subsequently added at the east 

 end. Not quite parallel with the fireplace and not quite aligned with 

 the pillars on either side, this screen had been built on the fifth floor 

 level, about 8 inches above the bottom of the fireplace — a fact evi- 

 dencing its late installation (fig. 16). 



In the open space fronting the fireplace, various test pits revealed 

 formerly occupied surfaces and portions of wall masonry. On a 



