NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO — JUDD 213 



types were associated, top to bottom. Of the total, 820 fragments, or 

 38.7 percent, were black-on-white, and of these 345 were early varieties 

 — types that Roberts and Amsden later designated Transitional, De- 

 generate Transitional, and Solid — while 48 percent were Hachure B, 

 a late and preponderant variety at Pueblo Bonito. In Stratum T, an 

 18-inch thick layer beginning at depth of 15 feet 9 inches, there were 

 24 Early Black-on-white fragments and 29 of Hachure B. There 

 were three proto-Mesa Verde fragments among the 2,118 — one from 

 Stratum H and two from N — but none I would consider Classic 

 Mesa Verde. Only 93 sherds, 4.3 percent of the total, were of Plain- 

 banded Culinary ware; 36.7 percent were Corrugated-coil. We re- 

 covered five Plain-banded and six Corrugated-coil fragments from 

 Stratum U, between 17 feet 3 inches and 17 feet 8 inches deep. Such 

 intermixture was illogical and frustrating. 



There are those who still debate the distinguishing characteristics 

 of "early" and "late" Pueblo pottery. My own 1921 yardstick, a 

 combination of form and decoration, was based on several seasons' 

 fieldwork among ruins north of the San Juan River. I recognized as 

 "early" that pottery assemblage which included Banded-neck cook 

 pots, half-gourd ladles, squat pitchers with wide mouths, and deep 

 round-bottomed bowls slipped with white and bearing such familiar 

 black-paint designs as stepped squares or triangles, key-shaped figures, 

 interlocking whorls, checkerboard, and waved or squiggled lines. 

 "Late" pottery, to me, included the bowl-and-handle ladle. Corrugated- 

 coil Culinary ware, ollas with down-raking handles, thick-walled bowls 

 with dotted rims, zoned decoration, and polished surfaces. But in 

 Chaco Canyon late black-on-white vessels had whiter slips and blacker 

 paint than those with which I was familiar and an endless variety 

 of rectilinear figures featuring straight-line hachure. To find these 

 two groups intermingled throughout 20 feet of village waste was con- 

 fusing in itself but the preponderance of constructional debris was 

 confusion confounded. We cut a second stratigraphic section without 

 clarifying the puzzle. 



In 1922 we sectioned the West Mound a third time and made a 

 more determined effort in the other. Two years later we tried both 

 mounds again. In each of my seven attempts at Pueblo Bonito 

 stratigraphy the results were identical : A preponderance of building 

 waste intermixed with debris of occupation that contained both early 

 and late pottery. How this mystery finally was solved has been re- 

 lated in a previous report (Judd, 1954, pp. 175-177), but, the better 

 to understand our present subject, I may add that the Late Bonitians 



