NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO — JUDD 21 5 



solid. From the lower layers he expected only those with thin, 

 parallel lines and other early-type figures. To his surprise, however, 

 there was direct association of the two groups throughout both 

 columns. Mesa Verde-type sherds appeared first in the middle de- 

 posits ; red ware and shiny black, scarce or absent at the bottom, oc- 

 curred more frequently toward the top. Corrugated, present from 

 top to bottom, comprised less than a third of the total sherd count 

 (Nelson, ibid., p. 384). 



This association of early- and late-type pottery bafifled me no less 

 than it had Nelson. There seemed no explanation for the fact that 

 here, in these two great refuse piles, fragments of globular, short- 

 necked pitchers lay side by side with fragments of those having 

 small bodies and high, cylindrical necks ; that pieces of bowl-and- 

 handle ladles lay juxtaposed with ladle fragments of half-gourd 

 form ; that sherds of bowls and ollas painted with stepped lines and 

 triangles, volutes and interlocking whorls, checkerboard patterns, and 

 squiggled hatching should occur with or even above those bearing 

 designs in straight-line hachure. In addition, there remained the 

 problem of building waste, unbelievable quantities of broken sand- 

 stone and chunks of wall adobe spread irregularly through house- 

 hold debris. 



As stated above, we of the National Geographic Society's Pueblo 

 Bonito Expeditions were quite unaware of Nelson's earlier studies 

 here when we undertook in 1921 to learn the sequence of local pot- 

 tery development. During our first four summers we made altogether 

 seven serious attempts toward this end, and each time we were 

 thwarted by the same inexplicable mixture of unrelated pottery types 

 and by the abundance of waste from building operations. Not until 

 1925 when I invited Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., and the late Monroe 

 Amsden to join my field staff and take charge of pottery research 

 was the puzzle solved. Early that season we had extended our West 

 Mound trench to the ruin and northward through the length of the 

 West Court (fig. 7). In so doing there were brought to light the 

 remains of a Great Kiva built in an excavation dug 10 feet deep into 

 an Old Bonitian trash pile and, nearby, an undisturbed remnant of 

 that old pile. 



Into that remnant Amsden and Roberts sank two yard-square 

 stratigraphic sections, the first 13 feet deep and the second, 12. A 

 few pre-Pueblo sherds were found near the bottom, but otherwise all 

 the fragments recovered from the lower 8 feet were early types : 

 Banded-neck cook pots ; squat, round-bottomed pitchers ; half -gourd 



