NO. I ARCHITECTURE OF PUEBLO BONITO — JUDD 221 



bank of a small sand- and gravel-filled gully, was the discarded frag- 

 ment of a troughed metate, relic of the Late Bonitians. At intervals 

 throughout the 10-foot fill, village waste lay in more or less isolated 

 bodies as though gathered at one place and dumped at one time. 

 Some of this material showed unmistakable signs of water action. 

 On top of all lay broken masonry fallen from the upper stories of 

 Room 171, the uppermost courses cast outward 25 feet or more. 

 Partly overlying the outer limit of this fallen stonework, and there- 

 fore of more recent origin, was a quantity of burned sand, sticks, and 

 cedar bark. 



There can be no doubt as to the actuality of the former water- 

 course exposed by our East and West Mound trenches. Depth is 

 comparable in both cases and the materials of the fill are the same: 

 wind- and water-borne sediments and debris carried out from the 

 village. The East Mound was already 8 or 10 feet high when some 

 debris-conscious individual conceived the idea of a retaining wall. 

 Eventually the mound accumulations crested out 10 feet higher, 12 

 feet or more above the present level of the plain. Our 1922 strati- 

 graphic column at Station 64 (fig. 24, c) was dug to a depth of 8 feet 

 below the plain without reaching the bottom of underlying construc- 

 tional debris, clearly reworked by water action. A nearby 1924 test 

 (U.S.N.M. No. 334181), 10 feet 7 inches deep, ended upon the 

 adobe layer at the base of the partially razed, second-type wall pre- 

 viously described. Nevertheless, sherds from these two columns 

 show that the East Mound is later than its companion since early- 

 type fragments are noticeably fewer in number. Also, the propor- 

 tion of constructional debris seemed larger — a factor that led Nelson 

 (in Pepper, 1920, p. 385) to identify the East Mound as the later 

 of the two. 



In contrast to the north retaining wall that on the south is a make- 

 shift affair built upon what appears to be a man-made heap of 

 jointed sandy clay piled above an adobe bank at Station 50 (fig. 24, c). 

 Both the bank and the clay pile have been eroded, north and south. 

 On the north, water-laid sand and silt mark the course of a 30-foot- 

 wide waterway filled with village waste and a southward-sloping 

 mass of compacted sand containing numerous clay pellets and a scat- 

 tering of sandstone spalls. Then follows a round-bottomed channel- 

 fill of laminated silt, a sort of mud conglomerate balled and soaked 

 by water. Beyond the barrier, in the midst of nonconforming beds 

 of silt, sand, and village rubbish, is another apparent watercourse 

 probably antedating Bryan's post-Bonito channel. 



