FIRST LfST OF THE BIRDS OF THE SOUTH KONKAN. 25 



capped by narrow ridges, Machal is crowned by a broad 

 open plateau, some 2,500 feet above the sea. 



The following table shews approximately the elevations of 

 some of the localities where collections have been made : — 

 Approximate Elevations. 

 6 miles from coast. 



■»" »! >» J» 



Coast. 



Ghat range. 



Do. a mile or two east of watershed. 



Khind at top of Phonda Pass. 



Top of ghat. 



Top of Amba ghat. 



17 miles from coast. 



Rainfall. — I subjoin a table showing the average rainfall for 

 the last ten years at each of the registering stations in the dis- 

 trict. As a general rule it will be seen that the rainfall, all 

 other conditions equal, is heavier or lighter according as the 

 station is further from or nearer to the Ghats. The exceptions 

 are Savant Vadi and Mandangad. The proportionately higher 

 rainfall of the former, is, I believe, sufficiently accounted for by 

 the heavy jungles which surround it ; while Mandangad, although 

 nearer the coast, has a much greater elevation than any of the 

 other inland stations from which observations have been recorded. 

 Average Rainfall. — 



Coast Stations—' 



Gahagar ..< 



Ratnagiri ... 



Devgad ... 



Malvan 



Vengorla ... 



Inland Stations — 



Mandangad 



Dapuli ... 



Khed 



Chiplun 



Sangameshvar ... 



Lanje 



Rajapur ... 



Savant Vadi ... 



76 inches. 

 101 „ 

 113 „ 



74 „ 



91 ■ „ . 



133 inches, 15 miles from coast. 



112 

 130 

 126 

 127 



127 

 113 

 147 



6 

 18 

 24 

 20 

 20 

 15 

 17 



The humidity of the Ratnagiri station is relatively great. 

 According to the formula used by "the Meterological Reporter, 

 the average means at 10 hours in 1878 was 64=75 per cent., 

 and at 16 hours or 4 p.m. 69*66 per cent. 



Thermometer readings at Ratnagiri from 1871 to 1878 

 shew the mean annual temperature to be 81°55', and the range 

 between the greatest and least monthly means 9°12'. The 

 mean annual temperature of Dapuli from 1871 to 1877 has 

 been recorded 76°2T, or rather mo-re than 5 degrees lower 



