414 MEMORIAL OP JOSEPH HENRY. 



has been cherished that other means may ultimately be provided for 

 the support of those objects, and that the whole income of the 

 Smithsonian fund may be devoted to the more legitimate objects of 

 the noble bequest." * 



At a meeting of the Board of Regents held March 12, 1853, 

 a committee of seven was appointed to consider and report upon 

 " the subject of the distribution of the income of the Institution, in 

 the manner contemplated by the original plan of organization." 

 Hon. R. Choate, a member of this committee, being unable to attend 

 its meetings, (having returned to Boston at the end of his Senatorial 

 term in 1846,) Hon. James Meacham (of the House of Representa- 

 tives) was appointed to take his place, February 18, 1854. At a 

 meeting of the Regents held May 20, 1854, Hon. James A. Pearce, 

 chairman of the committee, submitted its report, presenting a very 

 full discussion of the legal questions — as to the discretionary power 

 of the Regents, and the true policy of the Institution. On the first 

 point, after showing how faithfully the specific requirements of the 

 organic Act had been executed, the committee in referring to the 

 clause that the annual expenditure for the library should not exceed 

 25,000 dollars in the average, maintained that ^'this is nothing but 

 a limitation upon the discretion of the Regents, and can by no rule 

 of construction, be considered as intimating the desire of Congress 

 that such sum should be annually appropriated. 'J'he limitation 

 while it prevented the Regents from exceeding that sum, left them 

 full discretion as to any amount within that limit." On the second 

 point, the committee say: " What then are the considerations which 

 should govern them in rejecting the plan which ])roposes a great 

 library as the best and chief — if not the only means of executing 

 the trust created by the Will of Smithson, and fulfilling their own 

 duty under the law? The 'increase and diffusion of knowledge 

 among men,' are the great purposes of this munificent trust. To 

 increase knowledge implies research, or new and active investigation 

 in some one or more of the departments of learning. To diflfuse 

 \inowledge among men, implies active measui*es for its distribution 

 so far as may be, among mankind. ~ Neither of these purposes could 

 be accomplished or materially advanced by the accumulation of a 

 great library at the city of W^ashington. - - - The application 

 of 25,000 dollars annually (five-sixths of the whole income at the 

 date of the Act) to the purchase of books, would be inconsistent 

 with and subversive of the whole tenor of all that precedes the 8th 

 section.f - - - The committee need not repeat in detail all the 



* Sinilhsonian Report for 1853, pp. 10, 11 (Sen. ed.) 



[fThe residue of the Income would Indeed have been whoUy Insufficient even 

 for the necessary salaries i\n<\ Incidental expenses of the library Itself, — to say 

 nothing of the other Interests specifically provided for by the 5th section of the act.] 



