RECOGNITION AMONG INSECTS 



By N. E. McINDOO, Ph. D. 



insect physioix)gist, bureau of entomology, u. s. department of agriculture 



CONTENTS P^CE 



Introduction 2 



Odors emitted by insects 4 



A. Odors emitted by the honey-bee 4 



1. Odors emitted that may be perceived by a person 5 



2. Hive odor 6 



(a) Function of hive odor 10 



(b) Immersion to destroy hive odor 11 



3. Individual odor 13 



4. Family odor ig 



5. Queen odor 21 



6. Drone odor 23 



7. Odor emitted by guards 25 



8. Odor emitted by fanners 25 



9. Odor emitted by middle-aged workers inside hive 25 



ID. Odor emitted by nurse bees 26 



1 1. Odor emitted by pollen carriers 26 



12. Effect of odor from bee stings 27 



(a) Effects of odor from glue and fingers 28 



(b) Effects of odors from candy and honey 29 



B. Odors emitted by other insects 29 



C. Summary of odors emitted by insects 34 



Scent-producing organs of insects 35 



A. Scent-producing organ of honey-bee 36 



B. Scent-producing organs of other insects 38 



1. Unicellular glands widely distributed over the body surface 



of beetles, etc., as scent-producing organs. ... 38 



2. Caruncles as scent-producing organs 40 



(a) Caruncles of a beetle 40 



(b) Caruncles of a cockroach 40 



3. Palpi of a trichopteron as scent-producing organs 41 



4. Glands in thorax as scent-producing organs 41 



(a) Glands in prothorax of walking-sticks 41 



(b) Glands in metathorax of certain Hemiptera 42 



(c) Glands in thorax of beetles 43 



(d) Glands in thorax of certain moths 44 



5. Androconia or scent scales of male butterflies as scent- 



producing organs 44 



Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Vol. 68, No. 2 



I 



