lO SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 68 



which are highest on the west side. There are numerous depressions 

 scattered among the mounds which suggest subterranean rooms of 

 circular form. A round depression 40 feet in diameter shows the 

 remnant of a wall on one side. On a " flat " north of the ruin several 

 piles of stone can be seen, which are interpreted as isolated houses ; 

 near one of them is a small fireplace made of slabs of rock set on edge 

 surrounding an enclosure filled with ashes. This is without excep- 

 tion the largest cluster of mounds in the immediate neighborhood of 

 Gallup, and would well repay excavation and further study. 



KIT CARSON GROUP 



This group of mounds has received its name from Kit Carson 

 Spring which lies in their neighborhood. It is situated north of 

 Navaho Church on an elevation overlooking the road from Gallup 

 to Crown Point. The members of the group are numerous, but 

 each mound is comparatively small. In no case were walls found 

 rising above the mounds, but as nearly as could be judged from their 

 shape, the buildings covered had rectangular outlines and were 

 accompanied by circular depressions. Fifty feet south of the largest 

 mound of this group there is a semicircular pile of rocks which 

 measures 42 feet on the south side, and with a radius of 30 feet 

 from this side to the curved wall. The main ruin has lateral exten- 

 sions on the north and south ends, and measures 70 feet by 41 feet. 

 The lateral extensions give the mounds the shape of the letter E and 

 enclose a square room of rectangular form measuring 20 by 15 feet. 



RUINS IN HEMLOCK CANYON 



Hemlock Canyon, north of the road from Gallup to Crown Point, 

 has the general features of other canyons in this neighborhood. At 

 its mouth there are fertile fields, and a good spring which a Navaho 

 has appropriated by building a hogan and fencing ofif the entrance. 

 About a half mile from this spring following the right bank of the 

 arroya, which rarely contains water, there is a house (pi. 11, a) built 

 m a recess of the cliff about 10 feet above small scrub trees which 

 here grow in abundance. Its foundation is about 6 feet long, and the 

 wall is slightly curved and well constructed, showing a doorway 

 shaped like the letter T. This house is not regarded as a dwelling, 

 for it is too small for a family, and no household implements have 

 been found within the enclosure. It belongs rather to a type of 

 cave-house called " ladge rooms," many examples of which occur 



