NO. 2 RECOGNITION AMONG INSECTS — McINDOO I3 



forcibly. This experiment was repeated once; one bee tested was 

 received peacefully and one was attacked slightly. 



Twenty workers from hive No. 60 were placed in each of the 10 

 observation cases. Twenty-five workers from the entrance of hive 

 No. 19 were immersed in carbolic acid (one quart of water contain- 

 ing four drops of acidj for lo minutes and then in water for 20 

 minutes. When dry one immersed bee was put into each of the above 

 cases ; nine were attacked and one was cleaned roughly. Upon 

 repeating this experiment once all 10 were attacked. 



Strange drones were tested in the same manner as described above. 

 Thirty were immersed in water for 15 minutes and when dry one 

 was put into each case as usual ; 14 were attacked and 16 were received 

 peacefully. Thirty strange drones were immersed in 5 per cent 

 alcohol for one minute and then in water for 10 minutes. When 

 tested, 26 of the immersed drones were attacked and four were 

 received peacefully. 



Concluding from the preceding results, it is not known whether 

 the immersion of the bees in the liquids employed eliminated the 

 hive odor which they carried, or whether it was merely changed, 

 but the latter view seems the more reasonable. At most this method 

 of procedure does not seem to have any practical significance relative 

 to eliminating the hive odor carried by queens so that they may be 

 more successfully introduced. It would be of interest to know the 

 effect on the introduction of queens should they first be subjected to 

 harmless gases before they are introduced. 



3. INDIVIDUAL ODOR 



On the preceding pages it is stated that each colony of bees has 

 its own characteristic hive odor ; also, a new or different hive odor 

 may be formed in three days, and after confining workers three days 

 in wire-screen cases the hive odor carried by them from their hives 

 disappears and the bees are unable to form a new hive odor in these 

 cases. 



To determine how a new or different hive odor is formed, the 

 following experiments were carried on at the same time with the 

 experiments described on the preceding pages. Two cases similar 

 to the wure-screen cases were employed, but these had tight-fitting 

 bottoms and tops made of cheese-cloth and glass; they were placed 

 flat on top of a table. To start with workers bearing as little hive odor 

 as possible, 60 cells, all in the same comb of hive No. 60 and con- 

 taining workers just ready to emerge, were uncapped with a pair of 



