NO. 3 



SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I915 



73 



mine in many of the contested cases who was. and who was not. a 

 full-hlood Indian. There was no difficulty in this respect where the 

 amount of white hlood was considerable or the mixture fairly recent ; 

 but in many instances the mixture tirst took place many i^enerations 

 ago, and the proportion of white blood in the ])resent representatives 

 of some such families is so small that it is difficult, if not impossible, 

 to determine the degree of white infusion by ordinary observation. 



It was with a view of assisting, as far as possible, in the solving of 

 the problem as to who are full-bloods and who are mixed-bloods 

 among the Chippewa, that Dr. Hrdlicka was asked to visit the reser- 

 vations ; and he undertook the task with the expectation of coming in 



Fig. 88.— a family of Chippewa mixed-bloods, Leech Lake. All the individuals 

 are mixed, but in some the proportion of white blood is small. 



contact wnth many interesting conditions which usually are not 

 directly related to regular anthropological work. 



The method of procedure was to drive from dwelling to dwelling 

 over the reservations, and to examine the Indians whose blood status 

 was in doubt by all the means at the disposal of the anthropologist, 

 practicable in field work of this nature. Particular attention was 

 directed to the skin of the body, especially that of the chest, to the 

 hair and eyes, physiognomy, and a number of other features, such as 

 the nails, gums, and teeth, which may be of assistance in determina- 

 tions of this nature. Furthermore, stress was laid on the examination, 

 in all important cases, of all the living members of the family, for it 

 frequently happens that the brothers and sisters of an individual 



