10 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 66 



A natural extension of the system, as developed up to this point, 

 is the use of a single dot over a vowel to indicate articulations mid- 

 way between front and back, that is, all vowels belonging to Sweet's 

 " mixed " category. Thus, it represents the vowel acoustically mid- 

 way between u and ii, an example of which is w of Swedish hus. 

 To avoid confusion with ordinary i, the superior dot of the i of this 

 series should be printed a little to the left ('i). 



For the low-back-narrow-rounded vowel (the English aw of 

 law), omega (w) may be used ; the corresponding low-front-narrow- 

 rounded vowel, the eu of French peur, is indicated by oi, which thus 

 falls in line with u and o. The vowel midway in position between w 

 and w is m. 



For the other vowels of Sweet's scheme no specific symbols are 

 recommended as yet. 



An obscure vowel of undefined quality may be represented by 

 turned e, i. e., a. 



CONSONANTS 



ID. Small capitals are to be regularly used to indicate voiceless 

 forms of consonants ordinarily voiced (lateral continuants, trilled 

 consonants, nasal continuants). Thus, l, m, n, and r indicate voice- 

 less I, m, n, and r, respectively. In the case of stops and spirants, 

 where distinct characters are used for corresponding voiced and 

 voiceless forms, the small capital is to be used to indicate a surd- 

 sonant intermediate (intermediate consonants here include voiceless 

 consonants pronounced with stress ordinarily characteristic of sonant 

 consonants, also surd consonants that are sonant at the moment of 

 release). Thus, g indicates the intermediate between sonant g and 

 surd k; similarly, z (sHghtly higher than lower case s) indicates the 

 consonant intermediate between s and s, equivalent to J. O. Dorsey's 

 turned s. 



Weakly articulated or barely audible consonants, also consonantic 

 glides, are to be represented by superior letters ; thus, Malecite "w- 

 and Wyandot -"(/-. 



II. A point beneath the consonant is regularly used to indicate a 

 point of articulation posterior to the standard point of articulation 

 adopted for the simple character. Thus, d represents a d pronounced 

 with the tip of the tongue articulating against the palate back of the 

 alveolar ridge, that is, the cerebral d. Similarly, k may be used to 

 indicate a velar k. 



A semicircle beneath the letter ( O ^s regularly used to indicate a 

 point of articulation in front of the standard one adopted for the 



