NO. 6 PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION OF INDIAN LANGUAGES 1 3 



18. The sibilants of thickish quality (English sh and 2 of ship and 

 azure) are to be represented by c (voiceless) and ; (voiced)-. For- 

 ward and backward articulations of these sounds are respectively 

 represented by c, j ; c, j (cerebral c-sounds). 



19. Affricatives, that is, consonantal diphthongs consisting of stop 

 followed by spirant of identical position, should always be written 

 analytically, that is, both stop and spirant should be represented. 

 Thus, p<l> is the voiceless affricative of unrounded bilabial position ; 

 ds is the voiced affricative of ^-position. The same manner of writing 

 applies to affricatives the spirantal element of which is a c-sound. 



If the stop and following homorganic spirant do not form an 

 affricative but preserve their individuality, a period is to be put 

 between them ; thus, t.s. 



20. All lateral sounds are to be indicated by / or /-like characters, 

 the standard / being defined as an apical voiced / of alveolar position ; 

 the corresponding voiceless sound is l or i. The corresponding 

 dental and cerebral /-sounds are /, l. (t); and /, l. {i), respectively. 



Dorsal /-sounds are to be indicated by A (voiced) and small capi- 

 tal lambda, A (unvoiced). Forward and backward articulations of 

 dorsal / may be represented by means of A, a ; and A (this would be 

 the back-/ found in many Slavic languages), a. 



Lateral affricatives, that is, t- or k- stop merging into lateral 

 spirants, should be indicated analytically as in the case of all affrica- 

 tives. tt and dl would be the normal characters used for the voiceless 

 and voiced dorsal lateral affricatives, while the systematic rendering 

 of these sounds is ta and 8A. fef-sounds may also occur. 



Nasalized laterals can be indicated by / and correspondingly for 

 other /-sounds. 



21. All rolled consonants (r-sounds), whether markedly trilled or 

 not, are to be indicated by r or r-like characters, r indicates a voiced 

 tongue-tipped rolled consonant in alveolar position ; r is the corre- 

 sponding sound of dental position ; r the cerebral r. The correspond- 

 ing voiceless consonants are respectively r, r, and r. 



The uvular r is to be indicated by Greek rho (p) ; the correspond- 

 ing voiceless uvular r-sound is to be represented by small capital (p), 

 which is best printed as small capital itahc p: p. 



If it is necessary to distinguish untrilled (or weakly trilled) from 

 markedly trilled r-sounds, a macron is to be put above the character 

 to indicate the latter type. Thus, f denotes strongly trilled cerebral r. 



NasaHzation, as usual, is to be expressed by the hook beneath a 

 character. Thus, p indicates nasalized uvular r. 



