NO. 14 REMAINS OF CHIPPEWA SETTLEMKNTS MEANS 5 



poisons and violence to meet their desires/ In time this abuse attained 

 such proportions that parents were terrorized into giving up their 

 children to the insatiable appetites of the shamans. .\t length, how- 

 ever, a father, braver than the rest, overcame his superstitious terrors 

 and killed the shaman who had eaten his child. But the island came 

 to be regarded as haunted by the Che-bi-ug, " Souls of the victims," 

 and this belief grew, so that at last the site and the whole island 

 were deserted. 



Possibly both causes contributed to the abandonment of the site, 

 though superstitious fear and unhappy conditions within the com- 

 munity would be sufficient for such a step. At all events, the island 

 was completely deserted by all inhabitants about 1620. There 

 were then already numerous Ojibwa villages around Chequamegon 

 Bay and elsewhere on the mainland, and to these doubtless the La 

 Pointe Chippewa went. 



THE CHIPPEWA UNDER FRENCH CONTACT, 1634-1760 



French knowledge of the existence of Lake Superior may be said 

 to date from 1618. In that year one Etienne Brule, a voyag-eur of 

 Champlain's, reported the location of the Lake and also brought 

 some copper from there.- 



It was Jean Nicolet, however, who, in 1634-35, first came in contact 

 with the Ojibwa of Sault Ste. Marie. News of his arrival quickly 

 spread among the tribe." In 1635 Champlain died, and a new 

 Governor, Montmagny, was appointed, under whom exploration fell 

 ofif. In 1641, however, Breboeuf and Daniel, two priests, visited the 

 Sault, and in 1642 Jogues and Raymbault did likewise.* 



In 1 65 1 a very important event took place. According to Father 

 Le Mercier, the fur-trade was begun in that year by a party of 

 Indians."' The French were not slow to avail themselves of this 

 chance for wealth, and the Company of the Hundred Associates 

 was formed to carry on the trade.® 



Groseilliers and Radisson were the first Frenchmen actually to 

 enter the region of Chequamegon Bay. Warren declares (1885, 



"■ Warren, 1885, p. 109 ff. 



^ Neill, 1885, pp. 399-400 ; Parkman, 1886, p. 56. 



* Neill, 1885, p. 400; Parkman, 1886, p. 166; Thwaites, 1908. pp. 22-31 ; Butter- 

 field, 1881, pp. 35-74. 

 *Cf. Neill, 1872, p. 19; Parkman, 1886, p. 213; Bull. 30, Vol. i. p. 278. 

 ° Jesuit Relation for 1653-54. 

 ■'Thwaites, 190S, p. 34 ff. ; Neill, 1885, p. 40; Jones, 1861, p. 165 ff. 



