6 SMITHSOXIAX MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 66 



pp. 121-122) that their first post was built on the eastern end of La 

 Pointe Island. This is emphatically refuted by Thwaites ^ who, 

 quoting Radisson, states that the fort then built by Radisson was on 

 the mainland between the modern town of Washburn and the city 

 of Ashland. In the winter of 1661-62 Groseilliers and Radisson 

 penetrated ]\Iinnesota, returning to Chequamegon in the spring of 

 1662. At that time they built a second fort, probably on the point of 

 Shaug-ah-waum-ik-ong, where the earliest Ojiliwa village had been.- 



In 1661 Father Menard had established a mission among the 

 Ottawa on Keweenaw Bay, but abandoned it before very long. 

 Father Claude AUouez was sent, in 1665, to re-establish the mission, 

 settling near the mouth of Vanderventer Creek, just south of modern 

 Washburn. In a short time the name of " La Pointe du Saint Esprit " 

 became attached to the whole of the present Bayfield peninsula.^ 

 At this time there were at Chequamegon Bay many Indian traders 

 of the Ojibwa, Sauks, Foxes, Ottawa, and other- tribes.* The labors 

 of Father Allouez seem to have been ill requited, for he was relieved, 

 in 1669, by Father Jacques Marquette. Soon after the arrival of 

 the new missionary, the Ojibwa and the Sioux resumed their ancient 

 hostility, and the former, together with Marquette, were driven to 

 the Straits of ]\Iackinaw. The first missionary period of Chequa- 

 megon Bay ended, then, in 1670."' 



The fur-traders, however, met with a success never attained by 

 the missionaries. In 1673 Sieur Raudin, or Radin, an agent of La 

 Salle's, and Daniel Greysolon du Lhut, or Duluth, entered the western 

 end of Lake Superior and explored it with a view to commercial 

 enterprises.'' Their trade languished after a time. In 1693 le Sueur 

 was sent out to reopen du Lhut's old trade routes, notably the Bois 

 Brule-St. Croix route, in order that they might take the place of the 

 better Fox- Wisconsin route which had been closed by the recently 

 awakened hostility of the Foxes for the French. His many activities 

 included a spectacular but commercially unprofitable copper mining, 

 and also the construction of a fort and village on La Pointe Island. '^ 

 I am sure from what I saw and heard on La Pointe Island that the 



' i8q5, p. 401. 



^ Thwaites, 1895, p. 402 ff. 



'Thwaites, 1895, pp. 403-4: map at page 419; Jes. Rel. for 1666-1667 and 

 1670-1671. 



* Thwaites, 1895, p. 406; Bulletin 30, Vol. 2, 474. 



■' Parkman, 1887, p. 33 ; Thwaites, 1895, P- 4o6. 



" Thwaites, 1895, p. 407 ff. ; Appleton's Cycl., Vol. 2, p. 252, Article Du Lhut. 



'Thwaites, 1895, pp. 408-411; Appleton's Cycl., Vol. 3, p. 698, Article Le 

 Sueur. 



