NO. 14 REMAINS OF CtllPPKWA SETTLEMENTS MEANS II 



SYNOPSIS OF SITES OCCUPIED BY THE OJIBWA 



First Site (about 1490-1500). The northwestern end of Long Island, then 

 called Shaug-ah-waum-ik-ong. This site would yield very old objects. 



Second Site (1500-1620). The region about two and one-half miles north- 

 east of modern La Pointe village. This site was called Mon-ing-wun-a- 

 kaun-ing. As it was occupied a long time, the occupied area gradually 

 spread southwestwardly along the shore into the " French Fort Site." 



Third Site (1620-1661). Just south of Washburn, probably at the mouth 

 of Vanderventer's Creek. Other places were inhabited by the Chippewa 

 at this time, also. 



Fourth Site (1661-1662). On the northwestern end of Long Island. 



Fifth Site. 1662-1693 was a period of uncertainty for the Chippewa. They 

 were harassed by the Sioux, and were forced to wander about. 



Sixth Site (i693-i9th Century). The "French Fort Site" which, as has 

 been said, was very old, was reoccupied during this period. 



MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE OJIBWA 



It may be well to note in this connection those aspects of the life 

 and material culture of the Ojibwa which offer some indication of the 

 class of objects that the archeologist may expect to find in excavating 

 the various sites occupied by the tribe. 



HOUSES AND GARDENS 



The wigwams of the Ojibwa in their primitive periods were oval 

 or oblong lodges, made either of birch-bark or of skins laid over 

 a light framework of slender rods. The fastenings were thongs or 

 certain rushes. The type persisted long after the Europeans had 

 shown the natives how to erect more commodious houses of logs, and 

 is still to be met with occasionally among some of the less civilized 

 groups of the tribe. '^ The lodges had but one fireplace, and they 

 were occupied by but one family. In other cases, however, long 

 lodges with two or even three fireplaces existed. These accommo- 

 dated as many as six famihes. Besides, there were the lodges of the 

 Midewiwin. 



The Ojibwa had gardens, even in the earliest periods. Pumpkins 

 and maize were apparently the agricultural staples, if not the only 

 vegetables grown, but wild fruits, wild rice, and maple sugar were 



'A picture of a dome-shaped Chippewa (same as Ojibwa) house appears 

 in Bulletin 30, Vol. 2, p. 131. See also illustration in Dr. Hrdlicka's 

 report on his trip to the Chippewa of Minnesota, in Explorations and Field- 

 work of the Smithsonian Institution in 191 5. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 66, 

 No. 3, fig. 89. 



