12 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 66 



gathered in addition. Hunting and fishing were relied on to furnish 

 the major part of the food.^ 



IMPLEMENTS, CANOES, ETC. 



The Ojibwa were canoe-using people, which was a natural out- 

 come of their environment. Some of the canoes built were of 

 considerable size. These large canoes were often employed for 

 carrying war-parties in the old days, and in later times they were 

 used for carrying voyageurs and their merchandise. They were 

 constructed in much the same manner as the wigwams, namely, of 

 bark laid over a light framework, sewn together and calked with 

 pitch. Dug-outs were not made by the Ojibwa, though used by some 

 surrounding tribes." 



The Ojibwa were skillful makers of pipes, the material used being 

 commonly a fine-grained, soft, reddish pipe-stone from the mainland. 

 Mr. Stone presented an excellent example of such a pipe to the 

 Wisconsin Historical Society a few years ago ; it was about seven 

 inches long and of fine workmanship. The writer was shown, by 

 the farmer who now holds the " French Fort Site," several fragments 

 of well-cut and polished pipes of similar nature. The cavity for 

 the tobacco appeared to have been made by use of the sand-water- 

 and-stick method ; it was too narrow to permit the insertion of any 

 other implement, and the striations caused by the sand were visible 

 on the inside of the bowl. 



The old Ojibwa made fire by the bow method. Pottery, decorated 

 with simple incised designs, was used in cooking. These vessels 

 as well as the various receptacles and utensils made of stone, birch- 

 bark, and skins, were gradually discarded after the contact with 

 whites was established. 



The dress of the men consisted of a long coat or shirt of skins, 

 and long leggings. The women wore a short garment of deerskin. 

 Fringes, porcupine-quills, and feathers were employed for decoration. 

 Fur robes were used in cold weather. Nose- and ear-ornaments were 

 common. Moccasins, both low and high, were worn, and a long 

 puckered seam running up the foot was distinctive of the Ojibwa 

 moccasin ^ and s:ave the tribe its name. 



* Cf. Gilfillan, 1901, p. 62; McKenney, 1827, p. 289 (picture), p. 41^ (picture) ; 

 Jones, 1861, pp. 71-73; Warren, 1885, pp. 40 and 97; Lahontan, 1905, p. 220; 

 Carver, 1781, pp. 283-293. 



'Thwaites, 1908, p. 18; McKenney, 1827, p. 200; Lahontan, 1905, p. 80. 



'Loudon, 1808-11, Vol. 2, p. 327; Jones, 1861, pp. 73-74 and 75-77; Carver, 

 1781, pp, 225-230; Warren, 1885, p. 36. 



