NO. 1/ SMITIISOXIAN EXPLORATIONS, I916 III 



graves, and above them hunt;- L;arnients which were evidentl}- tattered 

 by long exposure. 



The material culture of tlie ])eople received attention and s])ccimens 

 have been added to the I'te collection in the National Museum. 

 Notable among these are a set of grinding stones for corn, with 

 specimens of corn, and of l)read made by mixing the finely-crushed 

 corn with water and baking it on heated ground, from which coals 

 have been removed. Pinon nuts form a staple article of food among 

 the Ute ; some of these parched and still covered with the ashes in 

 which they had been prepared, were added to the collection. Berries 

 were gathered, dried, and prepared in various ways. Figure 115 

 shows the baskets used for this purpose, it being stated that the 

 berries were placed in the smaller basket when picked, then emptied 

 into the larger basket by passing it over the shoulder. Nets for 

 trapping rabbits were woven from the outer bark of reeds, a specimen 

 of this netting being made by a blind man. The frame used for this 

 ])urpose and the manner of beginning the net are shown in figure 1 14. 



Analysis of the Ute songs i)resents many striking contrasts to that 

 of the Sioux and the Chippewa, in which connection it is interesting 

 to note the difiference in the environment of these tribes, as well as 

 in their temperament and tril)al history. It is not unlikely that all 

 these may have affected the form assumed l)y the musical expression 

 of these several peoples. 



ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN OREGON AND WASHINGTON 

 On July 19, 1916, Dr. Leo J. Frachtenberg left Portland, Oregon, 

 where he spent the preceding winter and spring in the prepara- 

 tion for publication of the Alsea texts and traditions that were 

 collected by him in 1910 and 191 3. On that day he proceeded to the 

 Ouileute reservation, situated at Lapush, in the northwestern part 

 of Washington, with a view of making an exhaustive study of the 

 ethnology of the Ouileute Indians who, with the now extinct Chima- 

 kum, form the so-called Chimakuan linguistic family. This work 

 was carried on during August, September, October, November, and 

 December. The most voluminous data were obtained, and the inves- 

 tigation was facilitated In- the fact that the Ouileute Indians, num- 

 bering approximately 300 individuals, live together in a single 

 village and still cling tenaciously to their native language, and to 

 their former customs and traditions. Conse(|uently, Dr. Frachten- 

 berg encountered little difificulty in collecting exhaustive data on 

 the various phases of the ethnology of these Indians, and he succeeded 

 in thoroughly investigating the following phases : Early History 



