14 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. JO 



Among the circular rooms in the big mound, number i is espe- 

 cially noteworthy. As in certain habitations, it illustrates the readi- 

 ness with which its ancient builders abandoned one building in favor 

 of another or the apparent ease with which they utilized the remains 

 of one structure in erecting a second. Kiva I may be considered as 

 merely the contraction of a larger, similar room whose floor and 

 north wall were retained as part of the later building; it seems a 

 confession on the part of its builders that they lacked the skill neces- 

 sary to construct successfully so large a structure as that which it 

 replaced. When exposed the walls of the smaller room were prac- 

 tically intact ; those of the larger had disappeared except on the 

 north and west sides. The precursor of number i had been exca- 

 vated from the loose court deposits and its walls consisted only of 

 thick coats of mud spread directly upon the ash-bearing earth ; the 

 smaller room had been built within the larger, its north wall coin- 

 ciding with that of the latter and its other sides being formed by the 

 debris thrown upon the floor and within the razed walls of the 

 earlier structure. A rimmed fire-place 26 inches in diameter and 

 3 inches deep occupied the middle of the floor.^ 



Kivas II and III are really counterparts of number I, although 

 differing somewhat in size. The third of these, unfortunately 

 mutilated during the removal of the south end of the mound, had 

 also undergone repairs, a second floor having been laid 2 inches 

 above the first. The room is still further unique in possessing an 

 extra fireplace, adjoining and but slightly smaller than the usual 

 central hearth. Against the southwest wall was a posthole which 

 held a support for one of the heavy roof beams, a feature also noted 

 in kivas exposed during the expeditions of 1915 and 1916. 



The curved wall fragments of possibly two additional kivas were 

 observed, respectively, within Room 35 and in the open court east of 

 Rooms 8 to 12. The first of these measured only a few feet in 

 length ; its floor, although broken and so near the surface as to render 

 its exposure difficult, was traced beyond the razed east wall of Room 

 35. This room was circular in form and there seems but little doubt 

 that it was used chiefly for ceremonial purposes.^ Greater uncer- 



^ In the court accumulations between Kiva I and Rooms 8 and 32 several 

 levels of occupancy, from 2 to 10 inches in thickness, were noted. Each 

 of these showed fireplaces and the remains of shelters associated with the 

 neighboring rectangular habitations, but the ground plan does not presume to 

 delineate all of those discovered. 



* The necklace of bone pendants and " gaming counters " noted on page 16 

 was found on the floor of this room. 



