IV SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. "JO 



Difference of temperature variations in the western, middle, and 

 eastern parts of the North Atlantic. 



Variations in the height of the water of the coasts of the North 

 Sea and the Baltic. 



Variations in the air temperature over the Atlantic Ocean. 



Possible causes of the variation in temperature in the surface 

 of the sea and in the air. 

 VI. Variations in individual fields in consequence of the water trans- 

 ference through the regions 92 



The low surface temperatures in the years 1903 and 1904. 



Relation between surface temperature and air temperature. 



Temperature variations in the decades as shown in our isopleth- 

 diagrams. 



Possible significance of the transference of water-masses by 

 ocean currents with respect to temperature variations. 



Disproof of the assumption that the observed temperature 

 variations are due principally to variations in the ocean cur- 

 rents. 

 VII. Relation between the temperature and the air pressure distribution 



over the North Atlantic Ocean loi 



Action of winds on surface temperatures 



Computation of air pressure gradients and wind direction. 



Angle between the directions of the isobars and the isotherms. 



Comparison of the values of the air pressure gradient with the 

 temperature anomalies. 



The winds are the principal cause of temperature variations on 

 the surface and in the air upon the North Atlantic. 



The variations in height of the water of the Baltic Sea as a 

 proof of the action of the wind on the variations of the sur- 

 face temperature of the North Atlantic. 



Are the winds the only cause of the great variations in the sur- 

 face temperature? 



Possibility of a displacement of the ocean currents. 



Influence of winds upon the air temperature over the continents. 

 VIII. The surface temperature of the ocean on the Norwegian coast is de- 

 pendent on the winds 121 



Probable action of the winds on the coast water temperature 

 in winter and summer. 



Relation between air pressure-gradients and water temperatures 

 at Ona and Torungen. 



Relation between air pressure-gradients and air temperature at 

 Ona, Torungen, and in all Norway. 



Agreement between the temperature variations in the coast 

 water and in the air over Scandinavia, both determined 

 by air pressure distribution. 

 IX. The periodicity of the variations of the surface temperature of the 



Atlantic Ocean and of the air temperature of the continents. 130 

 X, Earlier investigations on the relation between variations of solar 



activity and the meteorological phenomena on the earth. . . . 146 



