NO. 4 TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC 10/ 



We give also the anomalies of the surface temperature in tenths of 

 a degree (printed in whole numbers without rings). The bold- 

 faced numbers show positive anomalies and the lighter face italic 

 numbers negative. The numbers in rings give air temperature 

 anomalies in tenths of degrees for these fields. The heavy rings 

 indicate positive and the lighter ones negative anomalies. We have 

 added the direction of the isobars and the strength of the air pres- 

 .'sure gradients as well as the anomalies of the ocean surface tem- 

 peratures for the 10° longitude fields for the Danish observations 

 north of 50° north latitude, and also the results for Liepe's 1° fields 

 (his stations I to VII, pi. 15, for the years 1898 to 1903).* 



If the directions of the isobars in the single years run on the side 

 of the normal direction which tends to raise the temperature, the 

 arrows are shown as heavy full-drawn lines. For isobar directions 

 on the opposite side which tend to cool, the arrows (with the excep- 

 tion of those in Liepe's fields III to VII and the Dutch fields 19 to 

 20, pi. 15) are shown as heavy dotted lines. There are also indi- 

 cated on the charts by weak arrows the average direction and magni- 

 tude of the resultants for the action of the air pressure gradients for 

 the interval 1898 to 1908. 



We give also upon the charts gradient arrows and surface tem- 

 perature anomalies for the two already mentioned Dutch 10° fields 

 (pis. 15, 19 to 20) for the years 1900 to 1910, also for stations on 

 the Norwegian coast, on the Faroe Islands, and in Iceland. Finally 

 we have introduced the monthly anomalies of the air temperature 

 for different stations in North America, West Indies, South Amer- 

 ica, Greenland, Europe, and Africa. These numbers are inclosed 



fields (on the coasts, that is to say at Hamburg, Torungen, Stad, Ireland, 

 Hebrides, Shetlands, Faroe Islands) on the other hand give results only for 

 February. 



The temperature (both water and air) is always for February alone. 



The charts which are headed Aiarch give : 



Air pressure. The arrows give in all cases the air pressure gradients for 

 the month of March. 



The temperature is given for our fields i to 6 (pi. 15) for the time interval 

 March 15 to April 13, for the Danish fields 21 to 29 (pi. 15) from March 16 to 

 April 15. For Liepe's fields I to VIII and the Dutch fields 19 to 20 (pi. 15) 

 the temperature is given for the mean of March and April. All air tempera- 

 tures outside of our fields i to 6 are for March, as are also the water tempera- 

 tures at the coast stations 30 to 45 (pi. 15). 



^ It should be noticed that the 20 years normal values of the temperatures 

 at Liepe's stations which are computed for the period of time, 1884 to 1903, 

 are employed as the eleven-year normal values for our fields 1900 to 1910. 



