230 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 70 



78, 79, and others). This halving has been noted by many others, 

 both for temperature and for the precipitation (see Hellmann, 

 Johansson and others as above mentioned). It is exactly this halv- 

 ing of the eleven-year perio'd which Wallen noted so distinctly in 

 the water level of the great Swedish lakes. 



It would be interesting to investigate how the other stations of 

 Liepe behave in regard to this, since they extend over a great region 

 from north of the Azores maximum far toward the south. We 

 have obtained by combining two- and three-years' smoothing the 

 yearly means for all stations of Liepe, and we give them in the 

 curves of figure 85 together with the sun spot curve which is 

 smoothed in the same way. The figure shows a remarkable de- 

 velopment southwards accompanied by a moderating of the extremes. 

 In the first four stations the variations are strongly marked, while 

 for the southern stations V to VIII they are small, and for the most 

 extreme southerly station VIII they are almost zero. This appears 

 to be quite simply explained by the air pressure distribution, which 

 we shall later discuss. The halving of the eleven-year period is 

 most strongly marked for the more northern stations and southerly 

 to station IV. At stations V and VI there is a division into" three, 

 which is partially traceable in the most southerly stations. 



In order to get another picture of the development at the series 

 of stations, we have taken, in figure 86, the values for the strongest 

 maximum and minimum years of sun spots, which we have col- 

 lected in three curves at the top for the two minimum years 1890 

 and 1902 and at the bottom for the maximum year 1894, so that 

 these curves show the geographical distribution of the anomalies 

 during the extremes of the solar activity. There is found a very 

 interesting difference. In the minimum years the curves rise from 

 the most northerly toward the most southerly station, whereas in 

 the maximum year they sink. In both cases the anomalies are 

 greatest at the northerly station and smallest at the southerly. On 

 the whole there is a good agreement between the variations of 

 temperature and of sun spots, except for the two most southerly 

 stations where the relation is generally inverted. 



A CONCLUSION 



The principal result of our investigations on the relation between 

 the variations in the solar activity and the variations in the tempera- 

 ture of the earth is therefore that there is a close connection between 

 these two, but the variations in the solar activity have not at all 



