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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 70 



Funchal (Madeira) and St. Vincents (Cape Verde Islands), see 

 figure 112. 



Batavia is in a tropical region where, owing to predominating 

 oceanic influence, the mean annual temperature is comparatively 

 low, and where an increase of atmospheric circulation {i. e., a lower- 

 ing of pressure) will generally lower the temperature. Hence the 

 inverted curve V, in figure iii, for the temperature at Batavia agrees 

 with the inverted curve I for the pressure at Batavia (cf. the in- 

 verse agreement between temperature at Batavia and pressure gradi- 

 ent of India, fig. 91, II, III) and also in some years with the direct 

 curve II for the high-pressure region at Ponta Delgada. 



Figure 112. Temperature variations in the Azores, Madeira, and Cape 

 Verde Islands. [Arctowski, 1914.] 



Near the Pacific Coast of the United States the normal isothermal 

 lines for the year turn sharply to the south for a distance of 20° of 

 latitude or more, partly running almost parallel to the coast. 



This region is to the east of the well developed barometric maxi- 

 mum of the North Pacific, and is under the predominating influence 

 of this center of action, which has naturally a tendency to cause 

 northerly, comparatively cold winds along the coast west of the 

 mountains, as well as a cold sea current (with cold deep water lifted 

 towards the sea-surface on its left-hand side) in the ocean outside. 

 An increase of the activity of the center of action will therefore, 

 as a rule, lower the temperature of the Pacific States, and vice 

 versa. We consequently find that the inverted curve VI (fig. Ill) 

 for the temperature of the Pacific states agrees on the whole well 

 with the barometric curve II for Ponta Delgada, and the tempera- 

 ture-curve IV for Norway, as well as the inverted curves I and V 

 for the pressure and temperature at Batavia. 



