42 REPORT— 1872. 



from the adjacent loftier hills, but not from the comparatively low one in 

 which the Cavern occurs. Its depth is unknown, as its base has not been 

 reached. 



Second. Cave-earth, consisting of a somewhat light red loam and generally 

 about 50 per cent, of angular fragments of limestone, with an occasional 

 pebble not derivable from the Cavern-hill. Its depth was variable, but never 

 less than 1 foot. 



Third. A floor of granular Stalagmite, from 1 to 18 inches thick. 



Fourth. An unoccupied space from 1 to 4 feet high. 



Fifth. A floor of Crystalline Stalagmite from 3 to 4 inches thick. 



Sixth. An unoccupied space from 1 to 3'5 feet high. 



Seventh. The limestone roof of the Cave. 



Were we to speculate on the history of the Charcoal Cave as indicated in 

 the facts just described, we should find ourselves taken back to the time when 

 it was formed, not by any convulsion, but by the actual and probably gradual 

 removal of the limestone which once filled the entire space between the walls, 

 as is shown by the unfissured roof and the continuous limestone floor. 



Secondly, so far as can be ascertained, the introduction of angular, sub- 

 angular, and rounded pebbles of dark red grit, with sandy mud derived from 

 their attrition, until the Cave and its branches were filled almost to the roof. 



Thirdly, the introduction of materials from without having ceased, the 

 Breccia which had accumulated was hermetically sealed up with a cake of 

 Crystalline Stalagmite, from 3 to 4 inches thick — the result of the slow solu- 

 tion and precipitation of calcareous matter. 



Fourthly, the Crystalline Stalagmite was partially broken up, and a portion 

 of the Breccia was dislodged, the removal being more complete in some parts 

 than in others. 



Fifthly, again there was introduced a mechanical deposit, but instead of 

 dark red grit and sandy mud, it consisted of a light red loam and angular 

 fragments of limestone of various sizes. It did not attain to so great a height 

 as the previous deposit of dark red material. 



Sixthly, a floor of Stalagmite, differing from the former in being granular 

 instead of crystalline, was formed on the red loam or Cave-earth, at a lower 

 level than that which sealed up the Breccia. 



Seventhly and lastly, this latter floor being completed, there was placed on 

 it a small cinerary urn, containing human bones and bits of charcoal. 



But to return. The deposits in the Charcoal Cave were by no means rich 

 in osseous remains. The granular stalagmite jaelded a few unimportant 

 bones only, and in the Cave-earth there was but a comparatively small 

 number of bones, and no more than 85 teeth. The latter belonged to diff'erent 

 kinds of mammals in the ratios shown in the following Table : — 



Table VIII. — Showing how many per cent, of the Teeth found in Cave-earth 

 in the Charcoal Cave belonged to the different kinds of Mammals. 



Horse 33 per cent. 



Hysena 29-5 „ 



Fox 12 



Rhinoceros 10-5 „ 



Badger 6 ,, 



Bear 3*5 per cent. 



Wolf 2-5 „ 



Elephant 1 ,, 



Ox 1 



Sheep 1 „ 



There were but thirteen of the Parallels consisting of Cave-earth from top 

 to bottom of the 4-feet sections which contained teeth, andj these amounted 

 to no more than 31 in number. Their distribution is shown in the following 

 Table :— 



