TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 175 



On tfie Predominating Danish Aspect of tlic Local Nomenclatilre of Cleveland, 

 Yorlsliire. By the Rev. J. C. Atkinson. 



A careful study of the place-names iu Cleveland has led the author to the general 

 conclusion that upwards of 80 per cent, of the genuine old forms in this district 

 are certainly of l)anish origin. It appears that only a few of the ancient local 

 names can be referred to Anglian sources; in fact the Anglian element in Cleve- 

 land history may have been altogether subsidiary. 



From an analysis of the names of places, as preserved in the Domesday Book and 

 in -writings of more mediajval date, the author finds 50 names ending in -hi, 13 in 

 -thcD-p, 12 in -ilm-aite, 31 iu -dale, 14 in -wh), 7 in -ffrif, 8 in -cliff or -dive, 3 in 

 -hor(/ or -hurg, besides about .55 not specially classed ; and from the early date of 

 the occurrence of these names haixlly 1 iu 50 admits of any doubt as to its essen- 

 tially northern origin. In addition to these, there is a very large number of names, 

 belonging to the classes in -dale and -clif and to the gTOups in -rir/f/, -sike, -hohn, 

 -held, -sty, -wyke, -icath, &c., which are not included iu the author's lists because 

 there is no documentary proof of their imposition preA'iously to medireval times. 

 It is almost certain, too, that not a few of the names iu -ton &c. have a northern 

 origin. On the whole, out of something under 250 Cleveland names, dating back 

 to media3val times and yet earlier, upwards of 210, or considerably more than 80 

 per cent., must imhesitatingly be ascribed to a Danish as contradistinguished from 

 an English or Anglian source. 



Eivploration of some Tumidi on Dartmoor. By C. Spence Bate, F.R.S. 



The tumuli on Dartmoor are generally cairns of stone. Three of these were explored 

 on Penbeacon, and a very large one on Threebarrow Tor. The whole of these ap- 

 peared to have been previously rummaged. In one of those on Penbeacon the remains 

 of an nrn of coarse pottery were found scattered about, and the kistvean had the 

 capstone fallen in ; amongst the soil within was found an implement of along oval 

 form, made out of white slate. The author believed this, from its worn appearance 

 at the ends and sides, to have been made use of by the potter in forming the rudely 

 shaped urn, such pieces of slate being still in use for that purpose in some parts of 

 Ireland. 



On Ilamel Down are several tumuli that differ from those of Dartmoor generally. 

 Among these were three built of earth only, margined round by small moorland 

 stones. This neighbourhood being associated with such Scandinavian names as 

 Grimm, Ilamel, Szc, the author thought that an exploration of these barrows 

 might throw some light as to whether or not these old Vikiuger visited Dartmoor 

 for that tin which was essential for the manufacture of their bronze. 



In the barrow, after removing a large quantity of earth, about halfway between 

 the circumference and the centre, five large stones were found lying side by side on 

 the surface of the ground ; beneath one of these stones were found some burnt bones 

 and a bronze dagger-blade chased with lines along the sides and with dots at the base : 

 an oval ornament of amber inlaid with gold fits in lines corresponding with the 

 longer and shorter axes. 



This feature in the interment, together with the circumstance that the burnt 

 bones were not enclosed within an urn, ofi'er strong evidence, the author contends, 

 of the intrusion of the old Norsemen into these regions in a very early stage of the 

 Bronze period. 



Note on a Visit to the Hypoycimi. By J. F. Cajh-sell, of May. 



The author read extracts from his diary, descriptive of a visit to the hypogeiim 

 on October 4, 1871. His description was illustrated by several sketches, and 

 agreed substantially with that of Mr. Caimichael. A box of bones was taken 

 from the spot by the author and submitted to I'rofessor Owen. 



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