188 REPORT — 1873. 



includes almost all tliosG wliich occur elsewliere, but the bronze articles are very 

 limited ; indeed, from the paucity of bronze implements and weapons, it is con- 

 cluded that the barrows belong to a period before that alloy came into g-eneral use. 

 It is notable that the articles in flint found in immediate contact with the bodies 

 appear in most cases to be perfectly new, and as if made expressly for the burial ; 

 while those which are not found in association with an interment generally show 

 signs of having been in use. In 248 burials by inhumation and after cremation, 

 39 had articles of flints or other stone, 10 of bronze, and 3 of horn. Orna- 

 ments and objects of personal decoration are occasionally found with the burials in 

 the barrows, but are apparently confined to women. Out of the 248 burials only 

 6 possessed such objects ; no gold, glass, or amber has been found ; and, indeed, tlie 

 whole of the evidence attbrded by the barrows tends to show that they were the 

 burial-place of a people in an humble condition, possessing but little wealth, and 

 ha\-ing but limited intercourse with other parts of the country. Vessels of earthen- 

 ware frequently accompany the bodies buried in the barrows. Out of 248 burials, 

 69 were associated with pottery; and 7 of these vessels were cinerary urns holding 

 the ashes of the dead. The vessels vary greatly in size, shape, quality of paste, and 

 style of ornamentation. All the pottery is hand-made, imglazed, imperfectly balsed 

 at an open fire and not in a kiln. Broken stone is usually mingled with the clay. 

 The ornamentation is confined to lines, generally straight lines. The author 

 maintains that these vessels were not pieces of domestic pottery used in dail}' life, 

 but were manufactured solely for sepulchral purposes. On the other hand, many of 

 the potsherds scattered among the materials of the mound appear to be fragments 

 of domestic pottery. Some idea of the diet of the early Wold-dwellers is de- 

 rived from a study of the bones scattered through the barrows. These bones are 

 referable to 2ios lonyifrons, to an ox whicli was probably a cross between this 

 species and the Urus, to the pig, the goat or sheep, the horse and the dog. Domesti- 

 cated animals thus formed the main support of these people. Bones of the red deer 

 are also, but very rarely, found. From the evidence afforded by the barrows it appears 

 that the early inhabitants of the Yorksliire Wolds must have lived in an organized 

 state of society, that they possessed domesticated animals and cultivated grain, 

 that they manufactured woollen and porliaps linen fabrics, and that they had 

 attained considerable skill in metallurgy and were acquainted with the manufac- 

 ture of pottery, though ignorant of the potter's wheel. It is believed that it was 

 their custom to bury with the dead the wives and children of the deceased, and 

 perhaps their slaves. The round barrows yield both dolichocephalic and brachy- 

 cephalic skulls. The short-headed race were taller, more strongly built, and harsher 

 in features than were the long-headed people. AVith regard to the age of the round 

 barrows, the author feels safe in not attributing to them too high an antiquity by 

 referring them to a period which centres more or less in B.C. 1000. 



Tlu'orles regarding Intellect and Instinct, ivltli an attempt to deduce a satls- 

 fdctonj conclusion therefrom. Bg George Harris, F.S.A., Vice-President 

 of the Anthropological Institute. 



The author gave a concise summary of the opinions of Aristotle, Viigll, Origen, 

 St. Augustine, Be la Chambre, Dss Cartes, Ilobbes, Willis, Sir Matthew Hale, 

 Dr. Henry More, Cudworth, Locke, Sir Isaac Newton, Priestley, Buflbn, Dean, 

 Dugald Stewart, Smellie, Sir W. Lawrence, Mr. A. Smee, Mr. Isaac Taylor, Mr. 

 Herbert Spencer, Prof, de Quatrefages, and some otlier authorities ; and observed 

 that widely as these great authorities appear to differ one from another in their 

 opinions, their several tenets are by no means irreconcilable, and the theories pro- 

 pounded by each are calculated to aid in arriving at a satisfactory conclusion as to 

 the entire subject. Intellect and instinct, he thought, were like two countries, in 

 many of their main features and productions nearly resembling each other, 

 while in other respects they are strikingly and totally dissimilar. They 

 differ essentially as regards the topics they embrace and their mode of 

 dealing with these topics. Instinct only applies itself to matter so far as sensa- 

 tion proceeding from it conduces to "this end ; while Intellect not only takes 



