TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 243 



0)1 certain Economical Improvements in the Construction of Locomotive 

 Engines, hi/ the addition of Mechanical Appliances for the use of Heated Air 

 in combination with Stei^m, on the principle invented hy G-eorge Warsop. By 

 lliCHARD Eaton. 



This paper is supplementary to those read by the same author at Exeter and 

 Liverpool, and gives the details of ably conducted and exhaustive experiments 

 made on a locomotive, the property of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway 

 Company, in regular worlc, mainly as a goods engine, but occasionally doing pas- 

 senger-train duty in the Liverpool district. The use of the heated-air injection 

 was found to detach old scale, of considerable thickness, from the boiler in all 

 parts, and to prevent the formation of new, thus diminishing the item of " cost of 

 maintenance, and prolonging the life of boilers, tubes, and fire-boxes. A great 

 economy of fuel was also demonstrated, averaging frequently 30 per cent. The 

 air-system was found to work in harmony with the injectors, and of great 

 service at critical moments, such as when an engine, caught m a snow-storm, with 

 a heavy load to draw up an incline, reciuires every aid to its motive power that 

 mechanical science can give. Less coal being consumed, the atmosphere in tunnels 

 will be purer. 



On Marine Propulsion*. By W. E. Eckakt (late of U.S. Navy) . 



This paper contained an account of the construction and machinery of a steam 

 launch fitted with delicate dynamometric apparatus for testing its resistance at 

 various speeds. It was constructed at the Navy Yard, Mare Island, California, 

 and a very great number of careful experiments were made to determine the 

 resistance both of the boat and of the engines. The paper was illustrated by 

 tables and engravings. 



On the Steering of Ships, in special relation to a new form of Rudder. 



By W. TiEMixG. 



Description of the New Branch Canal leading from the Canal Cavour for Irri- 

 gating the Province of Lomellina. By P. Le Neve Foster, Jun. 



The author, who had had the direction of the works, described them in consider- 

 able technical AqIxiI, pointing out their great importance to the productive resources 

 of the district, not only in an agricultural point of view, but as providing con- 

 Biderable water-power, available for manufactmiug-pui-poses. 



Description of an Apparatus for automatically recording the Boiling of a 

 Shij) in a Seaivayf. By ^y. Peotjde, F.E.S. 



The fundamental principles on which the performance of the apparatus depends 

 ai-e ; — (1) That when waves act on a ship or other floating body which would stand 



* Printed in full in the Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects for 1872, 

 and in the 'Engineer' Newspaper for 23rd August, 1872, vol. sxxiv. p. 125. 



t Mr. Froude in the discussion mentioned that, although the apparatus be had described 

 was wholly his o^ni invention, he had since found that a French naval architect had con- 

 trived an instrument substantially the same a few years ago, having in the first instance 

 made the penduhim-apparatus, and then added an apparatus for observing the horizon 

 such as he had first described. Ho had been in correspondence with this gentleman, and it 

 gave him great pleasure to find that in an invention of wliich lie liad thought himself the 

 originator lie had been preceded by two or three years by a very able man. It was, 

 however, a satisfaction to him that he was at the present time ahead of his friendly com- 

 petitor in the race so far as regarded the delicately hung heavy fly-wheel wliich was to 

 fmnish an automatic constant record of the angles of absolute rolling, or deviations from 

 the horizontal, assumed at each moment by the ship. 



