TRANSACTIONS OP SECTION H. 517 



eighteen feet in thickness over the chalk. The level of the terrace is eighty- 

 three feet O.D., and may be regarded as contemporary with the sixty-foot terrace 

 of the Thames Valley. The cranium described was found during excavations in 

 this pit in 1902. It was not seen in situ but was found in a fall which 

 had taken place from the face of the pit, after the workmen had left for the 

 night. Mr. Newton examined this face of the pit both before and after the fall, 

 and there was no evidence that the stratification had been broken as by a burial. 

 The skull was believed to have been embedded in a ' pot-hole ' which was situated 

 about nine feet from the surface. Unfortunately the geological evidence as to 

 the antiquity of the cranium is altogether incomplete. 



Nevertheless Mr. Newton's discovery is of the kind which ought to be placed 

 on record. The condition of the skull is not what is expected in a specimen 

 of great antiquity ; the bones are well preserved, not mineralised, and yet it 

 bears evidence of having been embedded in the gravel over a great length of 

 time. A small perforation on one side has admitted the moisture of the. soil, 

 which has worn in the interior of the cranial cavity a rut over 2 mm. deep. The 

 cranium is of the Cro-Magnon type; its length is 207 mm.; its breadth. 

 150 mm. ; its height, 116 mm. ; its capacity, 1,750 mm. Unfortunately the face 

 has perished so that we cannot rely on the further confirmatory evidence of the 

 characteristic orbits and maxillae. Although the evidence is merely presumptive, 

 still Mr. Newton's discovery is of the nature that deserves to be brought to 

 the notice of archaeologists in the hope that further research will supply us 

 with facts which will definitely settle whether or not the Cro-Magnon race 

 reached England in the Palaeolithic period. 



9. Remains of a Second Skeleton from the 100-foot Terrace at Galley Hill. 



By A. Keith, M.D. 



In March of the present year Mr. W. H. Steadman, Headmaster of the 

 Northfleet Council School, brought the remains of a human skeleton to the 

 Museum of the College of Surgeons for examination. The bones came into Mr. 

 Steadman's possession in either 1883 or 1884, when he was assistant to Mr. 

 Mathew Heys at the Galley Hill School. It was found by the schoolboys in the 

 face of the terrace gravel which was being worked at a distance of fifty yards 

 from the spot where the skeleton of the Galley Hill man was found some four or 

 five years later. To the best of Mr. Steadman's recollection the remains were 

 found at a depth of about five feet. Mr. Mathew Heys, who was the first to see 

 the famous skeleton in situ, corroborates Mr. Steadman's account. 



The characters of the skull and bones give support to the probability of 

 the bones found in 1883 or 1884 being those of palaeolithic man of the Galley Hill 

 type. The skull is long (199 mm.), narrow (140 mm.), and has many of the 

 characters of the race. The calvaria is thinner than in the type specimen, 

 varying from 6 to 7 mm., and, although giving a metallic resonance when struck, 

 is not mineralised to the same extent as in the type specimen. The calvaria, 

 although broken, is not distorted, and bears not only in its history but also 

 in its features the same relationship to the type specimen as the second Briinn 

 cranium bears to the first Briinn specimen. It answers very well to our con- 

 ception of the female type of the Galley Hill race. It may be regarded as prob- 

 ably authentic and of the same age as the upper terrace of the Thames Valley, 

 but before it can be accepted as such the confirmatory evidence of further 

 discoveries is necessary. 



10. Fossil Bones of Man discovered by Colonel Willoughby Verner in a 

 Limestone Cave near Ronda, in the South of Syain. By A. Keith, M.D. 



During the winters 1909-10 and 1910-11 Colonel Willoughby Verner explored 

 a large and unknown limestone cave at Eonda in the South of Spain. On the 

 walls of the cave he found drawings, some of which are similar to the crude art 

 of the caves in North Spain. In the superficial strata of the floor he found the 

 remains of the pig and goat with parts of human thigh-bones, all coated with 



