TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION II . 519 



are few in Hampshire. A few long barrows exist in remote parts. One 

 destroyed on Stockbridge Down some years ago contained an unburnt burial in 

 a crouched form. Most of the conspicuous hills are crowned by defensive 

 earthworks, and some of these probably date from Neolithic times. One of the 

 finest is Danebury, near Stockbridge. The inner, or principal, vallum rises thirty- 

 two feet above the ditch, and there is an elaborate system of banks defending the 

 openings. A better known earthwork is that on St. Catherine's Hill, Winchester, 

 which may belong to the Bronze Age. Many of the sides of the downs have 

 ' lynchets ' or terraces of cultivation which are of uncertain age. The only 

 megalithic monument in the county is on the western side of the Isle of Wight 

 and is called the ' Longstone.' It was evidently originally a dolmen. One stone 

 remains upright, and the companion stone lies by its side. Barrows of the 

 Bronze Age are very abundant. This is particularly the case in the New Forest, 

 where one may look over vast tracts of country unaltered since prehistoric 

 times, save for the existence of the Scotch fir. Many hoards of bronze imple- 

 ments have been found in the county, and single specimens are not scarce. Some 

 of these are of an early type. One is an early dagger of the type from which 

 the spear-head was evolved. A very early flat celt, belonging to Period 2 of 

 Professor Montelius, was also found near Southampton. This is of a type now 

 commonly found in Ireland. A short square-socketed celt and a lance-head 

 with loops, cruciform in section, both also have Irish affinities, and may be 

 regarded as relics of that time in the Bronze Age when there was commerce 

 between Ireland and Scandinavia, and Southampton was a convenient port of call. 



2. The Bearing of the Heraldry of the Indians of the North-West Coast of 

 America upon their Social Organisation. By C. M. Barbeau, B.Sc. 



This paper attempted to describe in brief (1) the typical kinds of social 

 grouping found amongst these tribes ; (2) the right claimed by these social units 

 to the exclusive use of distinctive crests, emblems, or armorial bearings handed 

 down from generation to generation; (3) the peculiar devices employed by the 

 privileged owners of these emblems and of the names therewith connected in 

 order to bring about the normal working of a well-established and consistent 

 system of social organisation, based upon the requirements of a semi-nomadic 

 mode of life. 



The most important type of social unit found amongst the Northern tribes, 

 namely, the Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Heiltsuq, and Northern KwakiutL, is 

 the phratry. Its influence pervades all matters of domestic and political life. 

 Thus the potlatch and similar transactions of economic concern, involving 

 exchange of property, loans with interest, &c, can only be entered upon with 

 members of the other phratry. Again, in events of social and domestic interest, 

 such as birth, initiation, marriage, the erection of a house, and burial, the 

 assistance of the allied phratry must be solicited and paid for. Finally, most 

 notable circumstance of all, one may never marry within one's own phratry. 

 Other types of social unit are the clan, the family, and the house-group, each of 

 which can claim distinct crests for their exclusive use. Amongst all these 

 tribes, with the exception of the Kwakiutl, the right of membership is inherited 

 in the matrilinear line. Amongst the latter, however, the system is far more 

 complicated. Certain rights devolve through the father, others through the 

 mother. Moreover, the use of certain crests may be secured through the slay- 

 ing of their legitimate owners in war. Another interesting feature in the social 

 morphology of this people is the fact that two different ways of grouping them- 

 selves prevail severally in summer-time and during the winter ceremonials. In 

 summer they are arranged into clans, but for the winter are organised quite 

 differently into two large fraternities (secret societies). These fraternities may 

 not only be inherited from parents but secured by payment or otherwise. They are 

 concerned with ritual dances, dramatic performances, potlatches, and so on. 



