TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. 521 



length, 19S4 mm.; Max. transverse breadth, 147(5 mm.; Bizygomatic breadth, 

 138 - 1 mm. 3 orbital height, 44'4 mm. j orbital breadth, 35-0 mm. Femur — Max. 

 length, 182"6 mm. The calculations for stature give 1778-0 mm. (Beddoe) or 

 17190 (Manouvrier). Indices — Cephalic, 7440; facial, 117-57; orbital, 78-60. 

 Although the gnathic index is not exactly ascertainable, the skull is certainly 

 orthognathous. 



Finds of prehistoric interments are frequent on the southern slope of Worle- 

 bury, which is the site of an extensive prehistoric settlement. All the skulls 

 from the site are dolichocephalic with indices ranging from 72'0 to 74 - 0, but they 

 have weak pointed lower jaws, slight superorbital prominences and squarish 

 orbits. They belong to the Iberian types, differing markedly from the present 

 specimen. Though it is impossible to state the age of this interment, it may bo 

 that of a later prehistoric immigrant, or of Koman, Saxon, or Dane. It is net 

 improbable that the skull may be that of a Roman legionary who fell in the 

 great attack made on the stronghold in the first century a.d. 



6. Later Finds of Horse and other Prehistoric Mammalian Remains at 

 Bishop's Stortford, with further Anatomical Notes on the Fossil Skeleton 

 described at the Sheffield Meeting (1910). By A. Irving, D.Sc, B.A. 



In Nature for June 8, 1911 (p. 491) there appeared a short note announcing 

 the first instalment of these later ' finds ' ; chiefly bones of Equus caballus and of 

 Bos longifrons, found (in the excavation of a gas-pit) associated together upon 

 the glacial sands and gravels with which the deep pre-quaternary channel in 

 the chalk has been filled, 1 under six feet of peat (formed in situ), and brown 

 clay. The evidence seems to point to the late Neolithic or Bronze Age for the 

 new ' finds.' 



Along with three well-preserved lower jaws of B. longifrons two broken 

 shoulder-blades of Equus caballus and the three most important limb-bones have 

 been recovered. These limb-bones are of precisely the same type of horse as the 

 skeleton unearthed in the pond-excavation. 2 Exact measurements give the follow- 

 ing results obtained by dividing the central length in each case by the least 

 breadth of the bone : — 



Radius Metacarpal Metatarsal 

 For the skeleton . . . 8-64 6-47 8-10 



For the new finds . . . 8-67 6-43 8-50 



The new ' finds ' must have belonged to a horse which (by Professor J. C. 

 Ewarl's formula) 3 stood thirteen hands at the withers, as against the fourteen 

 hands of the skeleton. 



In the structural details the two forearms agree remarkably, and differ from 

 those of the polo and other modern pony varieties with which they have been 

 compared. 1 



Two other horse-bones were found last year on the east side of the valley, 

 under twelve feet of the post-glacial ' rubble-drift,' both tallying in size and 

 otherwise with the corresponding bones of the skeleton found on the western 

 side of the valley. There occurred near by a fine boulder (glacially striated) 

 of carboniferous limestone, weighing nearly two cwt., eight feet below the 

 natural surface. It measures 23 inches by 17 inches by 10 inches. 



July 1911. — Further down the valley a deep trench (7 feet to 12 feet) has 

 been dug to lay down a new main sewer. The bottom of the trench for nearly 

 a furlong exposed the glacial shingle which was found beneath the peat in the 

 four trial-borings for the gas-pit (supra) , passing up into coarse, flinty ' Schotter ' 

 of the valley flank. In places the peaty silt of the gas-pit excavation recurs. 



1 A. Irving : P.G.A., vol. xv., February 1898 (pp. 224-237). 



3 A. Irving : ' The Prehistoric Horse of Bishop's Stortford ' : Brit. Assoc. 

 Reports, Sheffield, 1910 (p. 736). 



s J. C. Ewart, F.R.S. : 'Restoration of an Ancient Race of British Horses,' 

 Proc. R. Soc. Edin., 1909-10 (p. 297). 



1 Cf. Nehring : Fossile Pferde, dtc. (pp. 126, 127). 



